知识产权与标准协同推进人工智能产业创新机制与路径优化

Research on the Mechanism and Path Optimization of Intellectual Property Rights and Standards to Promote Artificial Intelligence Industry Innovation

第四次工业革命加速了各产业间以人工智能技术为核心的创新生态构建,其中知识产权裹挟的技术标准先行已成为人工智能产业创新的新型竞争规则,“技术垄断”“标准规锁”“联盟割裂”等正成为人工智能产业创新发展的“卡脖子”问题,因此加强人工智能知识产权保护与运用、技术标准主导与引领对加速推进人工智能产业创新至关重要。以解决“人工智能产业如何通过标准和知识产权的协同实现创新发展”为问题导向,通过对海康威视、百度、英特尔等公司的案例研究,构建了知识产权保护、标准主导与联盟载体生态协同推进人工智能产业创新发展的作用机制,分析了3种作用机制在人工智能产业渐进式创新、整合式创新、突破式创新范式中的组合运用和协同互动差异,提出实现人工智能产业创新发展的“赶超”、“跃迁”、“自立自强”3条路径优化,结果发现:(1)多维交互的知识产权与标准和联盟载体的互动机制是推进自主可控的人工智能产业创新发展的关键动因。(2)多元架构的联盟载体作用差异是影响知识产权与标准协同推进人工智能产业创新生态演进的重要因素。(3)多阶段共生竞合是知识产权与标准协同推进人工智能产业创新生态演进的发展路径。最后,从中国情境下知识产权与标准协同推进人工智能产业创新发展实践出发,提出了宏观、产业和企业层面的对策建议。

The fourth industrial revolution has accelerated the construction of innovation ecology with artificial intelligence technology as the core among industries.Among them,the technical standards under the influence of intellectual property rights have become the new competition rules for the innovation of artificial intelligence industry,and"technological monopoly","standard lock","alliance fragmentation"and other issues are becoming the"bottleneck"issues of the innovation and development of artificial intelligence industry.Therefore,strengthen the protection and application of artificial intelligence intellectual property rights The leading and leading of technical standards is crucial to accelerating the innovation of AI industry.However,most of the existing studies have analyzed the impact factors of digital industry innovation,and there is a large theoretical gap in the research on the dynamic process and internal mechanism and path of intellectual property rights and standards to jointly promote digital innovation in AI industry.Based on the practice of AI industry innovation and development,this paper first studies the interaction between intellectual property and standards and the mechanism of their synergistic impact on AI industry innovation through a systematic review,analyzes the types of intellectual property protection mechanism,standard leading mechanism and alliance ecological mechanism,and then clarifies the connotation and characteristics of AI industry innovation.Further using the research method of multiple cases,through coding and theoretical dialogue,this paper analyzes the mechanism of intellectual property rights and standards to jointly promote the innovation of AI industry under the paradigm of progressive innovation,integrated innovation and breakthrough innovation,and puts forward the optimization path for the innovation and development of AI industry under different innovation paradigms.The case study of AI industry innovation shows that under the progressive innovation paradigm of AI industry,the intellectual property protection mechanism of AI late-developing enterprises represented by Hikvision and iFLYTEK reflects the characteristics of"weak monopoly+strong licensing+weak open source",and the standard leading mechanism shows the characteristics of"weak formulation+strong implementation+weak certification",At this stage,the AI industry needs to drive the industrial innovation and development to catch up with and surpass the path optimization through the effective coordination of the intellectual property protection mechanism and the standard leading mechanism.Under the integrated innovation paradigm of AI industry,the intellectual property protection mechanism of AI platform enterprises represented by Google,Baidu and others reflects the characteristics of"strong monopoly+strong license+weak open source",and the standard leading mechanism shows the characteristics of"strong formulation+strong implementation+weak certification",At this stage,the AI industry needs to drive the industrial innovation and development to a breakthrough path through the effective synergy of the standard leading mechanism and the alliance carrier ecological mechanism.Under the breakthrough innovation paradigm of the AI industry,Intel,Nvidia and others are the representatives of AI first-movers.The intellectual property protection mechanism reflects the characteristics of"strong monopoly+strong licensing+weak open source".The standard leading mechanism shows the characteristics of"strong formulation+strong implementation+strong certification".The"intellectual property alliance+standard alliance+industry alliance system"is constantly improved.At this stage,the standard leading mechanism The collaborative interaction between intellectual property protection mechanism and alliance carrier ecological mechanism plays an important role in forming a self-reliant path for the innovation and development of China's AI industry.The research conclusions are as follows:(1)The interaction mechanism of multi-dimensional interactive intellectual property rights and standards and alliance carriers is the key motivation to promote the independent and controllable innovation and development of AI industry.(2)The difference in the role of alliance carriers in multiple frameworks is an important factor that affects the synergy of intellectual property rights and standards in promoting the evolution of the AI industry innovation ecosystem.(3)Multi-stage symbiosis and cooperation is the development path for intellectual property rights and standards to jointly promote the ecological evolution of AI industry innovation.Finally,based on the practice of intellectual property rights and standards in promoting the innovation and development of AI industry in China,this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions at the macro,industrial and enterprise levels,with a view to providing theoretical support and practical guidance for the independent and controllable innovation development of AI industry in China to a higher level.