中国企业参与国际标准制定:技术驱动还是政策驱动?

Chinese Enterprises'Participation in International Standard Setting:Technology-Driven or Policy-Driven?

以2016—2018年中国制造业上市公司为研究对象,以技术创新和政策补贴为切入点,从资源获取和信号传递的角度剖析了中国企业参与国际标准制定遵循的是何种逻辑,以及标准化政策补贴强度和国际化程度对技术创新有效性的调节效应。结论表明:技术创新能够促进中国企业参与国际标准制定,标准化政策补贴强度则不会直接促进企业参与国际标准制定;随着标准化政策补贴强度的增加,技术创新对企业参与国际标准制定的促进作用也越明显;相比国际化程度低的企业,技术创新对国际化程度高的企业参与国际标准制定的促进作用更大。

With the progress of technology and economic development,China's voice in the formulation of international standards has been greatly enhanced in recent years,which has aroused the vigilance and concern of the United States government and its major institutions.They argue that the driving force behind Chinese companies'participation in international standard formulation is the standardization policy,led by special subsidies for standardization,implemented by the Chinese government,rather than technology.However,open standardization is essentially a competition between technologies,and patent,as the result of technological innovation,is the basis for enterprises to participate in standardization activities to formulate technical standards.So is Chinese companies'participation in international standards driven by technology?Or is it driven by policy?Or is it driven by both?However,there are few studies on the participation of enterprises in international standard formulation,focusing on the independent influence of technological innovation and government intervention on standard formulation,which not only draws contradictory conclusions,but also ignores whether the two will have complementary or substitute effects.In addition,on the other hand,international standards are the embodiment of international market rules,and the important situational feature of internationalization degree is ignored,so it is difficult to accurately reflect and judge the driving force of Chinese enterprises'participation in the formulation of international standards in the local context.In this paper,technological innovation,the intensity of standardized policy subsidies and the degree of internationalization are included into the same research framework,and China's listed manufacturing companies from 2016 to 2018 are taken as the research object.The intensity of standardized policy subsidies reflects the degree of Chinese government's intervention in enterprises'participation in standardization.From the perspective of technology and policy,using the resource-based view and signal theory,this paper investigates the influences of technological innovation and the intensity of standardization policy subsidies on Chinese enterprises'participation in international standard formulation,and further analyzes the moderating effects of the intensity of standardization policy subsidies and the degree of internationalization of enterprises on technological innovation and participation in international standard formulation.The results indicate that:(1)Technological innovation can promote the participation of Chinese enterprises in the formulation of international standards,but the intensity of standardization subsidies does not directly promote the participation of Chinese enterprises in the formulation of international standards;(2)With the increase of the intensity of standardization subsidies,technological innovation plays a more significant role in promoting the participation of enterprises in the formulation of international standards;(3)Compared with enterprises with a low degree of internationalization,technological innovation plays a greater role in promoting enterprises with a high degree of internationalization to participate in the formulation of international standards.From the perspective of quantitative research,this paper verifies the driving effect of technological innovation on Chinese enterprises'participation in international standard formulation and reveals two channels of technological innovation on enterprises'participation in international standard formulation.In addition,this paper analyzes the impact of the intensity of standardized policy subsidies and the degree of internationalization on the effectiveness of technological innovation from two scenarios:the intensity of standardized policy subsidies and the degree of internationalization of enterprises.