真菌细胞外囊泡的研究进展

Research progress on extracellular vesicles of fungi

细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicle,EV)主要是由真核细胞、原核细胞分泌到体外的纳米颗粒,其多被脂质双层结构所包裹,所含成分包含蛋白质、脂质、核酸等多种生物活性分子。细胞外囊泡可在细胞间进行物质和信息传递,并通过其所含多种活性成分发挥多种生物学功能。近年来研究发现,多种真菌分泌的EV可参与真菌致病、耐药及免疫调控等过程,是介导真菌多种生物学活性的重要载体之一。本文主要对真菌EV的化学组成、生物学功能、实验室检测技术及最新研究进展进行综述和分析,为进一步深入探究其分子机制和更好地了解其潜在应用价值提供新的思路。

Extracellular vesicles are nanoscale particles secreted by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells to the outside of the body, which are abundant in proteins, nucleic acids and other biologically active molecules wrapped in a lipid bilayer. EVs can act as carriers to transfer bioactive materials and biological signals among different cells, and the bioactive materials wrapped in the EVs can exert multiple biological functions.Recently, it is extensively reported that EVs secreted by multiple fungi species acts as a kind of important vector in mediating multiple biological processes of fungi, including pathogenicity, antimicribial resistance and immunal modulation. In this review, the chemical composition, biological functions, laboratory detection techniques and recent development of research in fungal EV will be summarized and analyzed, and the objective of this review is to provide new ideas for deep exploration of molecular mechanisms of fungal EV and better understanding its potential application values.