空气质量生态补偿政策如何影响城市绿色创新效率?

How Does Ecological Compensation for Air Quality Affect the Efficiency of Green Innovation?

空气质量生态补偿政策基于“保护者受益、污染者付费”思想和奖惩补偿机制,引导城市排放主体改善空气质量。当前关于该补偿政策影响绿色创新的机理研究刚刚起步。考虑到这一影响机制的复杂性和差异化,选择2006~2020年中国284个地级及以上城市为样本,借助分位数回归、中介效应和调节效应模型进行实证研究。结果显示:(1)绿色创新效率对生态补偿政策的弹性显著为正,且这一积极效应随绿色创新效率的上升而变大。除了产业结构和教育水平,外商直接投资、政府支出、经济增长和适度的环境规制均在一定程度上促进了绿色创新。(2)地区竞争在生态补偿政策促进绿色创新的过程中发挥了部分中介作用,但老龄化程度较高的地区其城市规模增长反而抑制了生态补偿对绿色创新的驱动效应。(3)技术进步在补偿驱动创新机制中存在“U”型调节作用,当前样本城市的技术进步调节效应位于“U”型左半部(负向调节),即随着技术水平的不断提高,生态补偿政策对绿色创新效率的正效应是递减的。研究结论为提升空气质量生态补偿政策调控效果、控制地区竞争和城市规模、优化绿色创新资源配置等提供了重要的经验证据。

Based on the idea of‘protectors benefit and polluters pay’and the mechanism of rewards and punishment compensation,the policy of ecological compensation for air quality improvement aims to guide urban emission entities.Sofar,the research on the impact of air ecological compensation policy on green innovation is still at the infancystage.In view of the hysteresis,complexity and heterogeneity of the influencing mechanism,this paper selected 284 prefecture-level cities in Chinaas samples,and conducted empirical studies usingthe methods of Quantile Regression,mediating effect and moderating effect models,for the periodof 2006 to 2020.The results showed that:Firstly,the elasticity of green innovation efficiency on air ecological compensation policies was significantly positive.This positive effect would enhance with the increase of green innovation efficiency.Besides,most of the controlled variables(except for industrial structure and education level),including foreign direct investment,government expenditure,economic growth and moderate environmental regulations,promoted green innovation to certainextents.Secondly,regional competition played a partial mediating role in promoting green innovation by ecological compensation policies,while the growth of urban scale in cities with higher levels of aging actually suppressed the driving effect of ecological compensation on green innovation.Thirdly,there existed a‘U’-shaped moderating effect of technological progress towards the driving mechanism of compensation policies on green innovation.Currently,the moderating effect of technological progress in the sampling cities was located in the left half of the‘U’-shaped(i.e.,the negative moderating of technological progress),indicating that with the continuous improvement of technological level,the positive effect of ecological compensation policies was decreasing.This research provided important empirical evidence for improving the effect of ecological compensation forair quality,controlling regional competition and city size,optimizing the allocation of green innovation resources.