山区高标准农田建设促进脱贫农户收入增长机制——以贵州为例

Mechanisms of how high-standard farmland construction in mountainous areas promotes income growth among impoverished rural households:A case study of Guizhou

基于贵州山区500户脱贫农户跟踪调查数据,使用双重差分固定效应模型,从改善资源禀赋、农业生产集聚和规模效应视角,实证检验山区高标准农田建设促进脱贫农户收入增加及其作用机制。结果表明:(1)山区耕地散碎化特点致使流转高标准农田难以实现规模化种植,但农机集中服务节约劳动投入,可以利用荒废耕地资源,开拓收入来源。(2)山区高标准农田每年因灾受损,重复修缮拉动脱贫农户工资性收入季节性增长,农户珍视仅有的保障口粮安全耕地资源,返乡务工意愿强烈。(3)山区使用农机除了耕种和收获,日常管护、防灾补种意义更为显著,对劳动力的替代可以促使农户耕种模式规模化。因此,山区高标准农田建设要抓住脱贫农户耕地资源贫瘠和在山两个特征,使用农机服务,拓宽收入来源,突破耕地不能规模化的限制,实现经营模式的规模化。

Based on the tracking survey data of 500 poverty-alleviated households in mountainous areas of Guizhou,this study empirically examines the mechanism by which the construction of high-standard farmland promotes income growth for poverty-alleviated households from the perspectives of resource endowment improvement,agricultural production aggregation,and scale effects using a double difference fixed effects model.The results indicate that:(1)The fragmented nature of cultivated land in mountainous areas hinders the large-scale planting of high-standard farmland,but centralized agricultural machinery services save labor input,utilize fallow land resources,and expand income sources.(2)Annual damage to high-standard farmland in mountainous areas due to disasters leads to seasonal growth in wage income for poverty-alleviated households through repeated repairs,prompting households to value the limited land resources for ensuring food security and strengthening their willingness to return to hometowns for work.(3)In mountainous areas,the use of agricultural machinery is more significant for daily maintenance,disaster prevention,and replanting than for cultivation and harvesting,and labor substitution through machinery can promote the scale of farming practices.Therefore,the construction of high-standard farmland in mountainous areas should focus on the characteristics of impoverished households having barren land resources and being located in mountainous areas,utilize agricultural machinery services,diversify income sources,overcome limitations on scaling cultivation,and achieve the scale of operational models.