非牧就业、草地流转促进牧户减畜吗?——以青海省典型牧区为例

Do non-pastoral employment and grassland transfer promote livestock reduction?Take typical pastoral areas of Qinghai province as an example

关注劳动力转移市场和草地流转市场是激励牧户主动减畜的重要途径之一。运用青海省河南蒙古族自治县6个乡镇393户的调研数据,采用OLS回归模型,实证研究了非牧就业、草地流转对牧户采取减畜行为的影响,并进一步分析该影响的异质性。结果发现:(1)外出非牧就业和转出草地均具有显著的减畜效应,同时对于更年轻、文化程度更高的牧户家庭来说,二者的减畜效果更明显。(2)当牧区劳动力非牧就业收入越高,牧户越倾向于采取减畜行为,因此提高牧户非牧就业收入是促进牧户减畜的重要途径。(3)草地流转作为牧户自发性选择行为,当草地自由地在不同牧户间流转交易后,将实现载畜量在牧户群体中的合理分配,达到真正的草畜平衡。

Paying attention to labor transfer market and grassland transfer market is one of the important ways to encourage farmers to reduce livestock.Based on the survey data of 393 households in 6 townships of Henan Mongolian Autonomous county in,Qinghai province,OLS regression model was adopted to quantitatively analyze the current situation of labor transfer market and grassland transfer market in pastoral areas,and empirically study the influence of non-pastoral employment and grassland transfer on livestock reduction behavior of pastoral households,and further examine the heterogeneity of the influence.The results showed that the non-pastoral employment level of labor force in pastoral areas was relatively low,mainly local non-pastoral employment,and the grassland transfer market was relatively perfect,so the transfer-in grassland market was more active.The empirical results showed that non-pastoral employment in other area and transfer-out of grassland had significant livestock reduction effects,and the livestock reduction effects were more obvious for younger and more educated pastoral households.At the same time,the higher the non-pastoral employment income,the more likely they are to adopt the behavior of reducing livestock.Therefore,increasing the non-pastoral employment income is an important way to promote livestock reduction.Finally,as a voluntary selection behavior of herders,when the grassland is freely transferred and traded among different herders,the optimal allocation of resources between different herders will be realized,and the rational distribution of the carrying amount of livestock in the herders group will be finally realized,so as to achieve the real balance between grassland and livestock.