层级化视野下法庭科学/司法鉴定标准体系的解析与借鉴

Analysis and Reference of Forensic Science Standards System from a Hierarchical Perspective

法庭科学提供的科学证据有助于司法机关更好地进行事实认定,进而保证司法公正。因此对于保障法庭科学有效性的大量标准,有必要进行系统研究与分析。当前我国法庭科学/司法鉴定已经形成了一套完整的标准体系,涵盖了法庭科学的不同分领域。然而现行体系存在诸多问题,如:标准之间缺乏逻辑联系,重视技术标准而忽视基础和管理标准,以及缺乏有效的顶层设计等,我国法庭科学标准体系建设仍需加强。针对于此,本文系统梳理当前国际法庭科学标准体系建设现状,介绍法庭科学标准层级化理论,分析其理论合理性,讨论我国现行法庭科学体系建设的内涵及不足之处,并基于此提出了一系列切实可行的改进措施,旨在为中国法庭科学标准体系的未来发展提供理论和实践上的指导。

The scientific evidence provided by forensic science assists judicial authorities in better determining facts,thereby ensuring judicial fairness.Therefore,it is necessary to systematically study and analyze the numerous standards that ensure the effectiveness of forensic science.Currently,China’s forensic science has formed a complete standards system,covering different sub-fields of forensic science.However,the current system has many problems,such as the lack of logical connection between standards,the emphasis on technical standards while neglecting basic and management standards,and the lack of effective top-level design.China’s forensic science standards system still needs to be improved.In response to this,this paper systematically introduces the current international forensic science standards system and the hierarchical theory of forensic science standards,analyzes its theoretical rationality,discusses the connotation and shortcomings of the current forensic science system.On this basis,it proposes a series of practical improvement measures,aiming to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the future development of China’s forensic science standards system.