高效多丝熔化极气体保护焊(GMAW)工艺的研究现状及进展

Research status and prospect of high efficiency multi-wire GMAW process

随着全球制造业竞争的日益激烈,我国提出了“中国制造2025”制造强国战略,其重点发展的十大领域中,与焊接技术密切相关的就高达八个,不仅极大地推动了焊接技术的革新发展,而且对焊接效率和质量均提出了更高的要求。由于熔化极气体保护焊(Gas metal arc welding,GMAW)易于实现自动化焊接,具有生产效率高、焊接质量好及位置适应性好等优点,所以广泛应用于机械制造业中。实现高效GMAW的主要途径有提高焊接速度以及焊接熔敷率。针对以上两种途径,国内外焊接工作者在双丝GMAW的基础上,引入了第三根甚至多根焊丝,研发了各种多丝GMAW工艺。本文针对国内外研发的各类多丝GMAW工艺进行了分析,重点介绍了多丝GMAW工艺的焊接原理、工艺特点及其应用,通过上述分析对各类多丝GMAW工艺进行归纳总结,并进一步展望了多丝焊接的发展方向,即多丝GMAW工艺亟需在电弧物理理论、设备开发和新焊材研发等方面展开深入的研究工作。

With the increasingly fierce competition in the global manufacturing industry,China has proposed the"Made in China 2025"manufacturing power strategy.Among its ten priority development areas,as many as eight are closely related to welding technology.This not only greatly promotes the innovative development of welding technology,but also puts forward higher requirements for welding efficiency and quality.Gas metal arc welding(GMAW)is widely used in the mechanical manufacturing industry due to its easy implementation of automated welding,high production efficiency,good welding quality and good positional adaptability.The two main ways to achieve efficient GMAW are to improve welding speed and welding deposition rate.In response to the above two approaches,domestic and foreign welding workers have introduced a third or even multiple welding wires on the basis of double wire GMAW,and developed various multi-wire GMAW processes.This article analyzes various types of multi-wire GMAW processes developed domestically and internationally,focusing on the welding principles,process characteristics,and applications of multi-wire GMAW processes.Through the above analysis,various types of multi-wire GMAW processes are summarized,and the development direction of multi-wire welding is further prospected.That is,the multi-wire GMAW process urgently needs in-depth research work in arc physics theory,equipment development,and new welding material research and development.