基于氧化应激生物标志物的抗生素制药废水生态风险评价

Ecological risk assessment of antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater based on oxidative stress biomarkers

近年来我国制药产业发展迅速,由此产生了大量的制药废水。制药废水尤其是抗生素制药废水的排放,对水环境造成了潜在威胁。以石家庄市某制药厂达标排放的抗生素制药废水为研究对象,将斑马鱼暴露于不同浓度的抗生素制药废水中(体积分数为10%、40%、70%),分别于第3、6、9、12、15天测定斑马鱼肌肉组织中活性氧自由基(ROS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)和磷酸化组蛋白H2AX(γ-H2AX)6项氧化应激生物标志物的活性或含量,并基于生物标志物测定结果计算基于改进的综合生物标志物响应指数(IBR v2)以评价其生态风险。结果表明:抗生素制药废水的胁迫使斑马鱼肌肉组织产生了氧化应激反应,但不同实验组之间的响应时间存在差异,暴露第6天时,70%实验组的ROS含量、CAT活性、GSH含量、MDA含量和γ-H2AX含量均较对照组发生了显著的变化(p<0.001),响应时间早于10%和40%实验组,表明高浓度抗生素制药废水胁迫能够快速诱导斑马鱼产生氧化应激反应;基于6项肌肉组织氧化应激生物标志物的IBR v2值计算结果显示,达标排放的抗生素制药废水仍具有较高的环境风险,且高浓度的制药废水产生的生态风险更加快速和持久。本研究可为抗生素制药废水生态风险评价和相关排放标准的制定和完善提供参考。

In recent years, China's pharmaceutical industry has developed rapidly, resulting in a large amount of pharmaceutical wastewater.The discharge of pharmaceutical wastewater, especially antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater, poses a potential threat to the water environment.In this study, the antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater discharged up to standard from a pharmaceutical factory in Shijiazhuang city was used as the research object, and zebrafish were exposed to different concentrations of antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater(volume fraction of 10%,40%,70%).The activity or content of six oxidative stress biomarkers such as reactive oxygen species(ROS),superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),gluta-thione(GSH),malondialdehyde(MDA) and phosphorylated histone H2AX(γ-H2AX) in zebrafish muscle tissue were measured on day 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th and 15th, respectively.Based on the results of biomarkers determination, the improved integrated biomarker response index(IBR v2) was calculated to evaluate its ecological risk.The results show that the stress of antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater causes oxidative stress in zebrafish muscle tissue, and the response time between different experimental groups is different.After 6 days' exposure, the ROS content, CAT activity, GSH content, MDA content and γ-H2AX content of 70% experimental group are significantly changed compared with the control group(p<0.001),response time earlier than the 10% and 40% experimental groups, indicating that high concentrations of antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater stress can quickly induce oxidative stress in zebrafish.The calculation results of IBR v2 values based on six oxidative stress biomarkers in muscle tissue show that the antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater discharged up to the standard still has a high environmental risk, and the ecological risk caused by the high concentration of pharmaceutical wastewater is more rapid and lasting.This study can provide a reference for the ecological risk assessment of antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater and the formulation and refinement of related emission standards.