薄壁圆环件装夹变形理论分析与仿真预测

Theoretical Analysis and Simulation Prediction of the Clamping Deformation for Thin-walled Ring

薄壁圆环类零件广泛应用在离心压缩机设备中,在车削加工中由于装夹力的影响会发生弹性变形,从而影响工件加工精度,为探究零件装夹变形影响,保障离心压缩机运行效率,通过理论分析与有限元仿真模拟相结合的方法,分别建立了薄壁圆环零件在卧式车床四爪卡盘装夹下的理论变形模型和有限元仿真模型进行优化研究。通过两种模型对比可知:有限元仿真模型变形结果与理论模型变形结果较为一致,得出薄壁圆环件普通装夹径向变形较为敏感。据此,提出轴向装夹和均布式径向装夹两种优化装夹方案来减小薄壁圆环件在加工过程中的径向变形,通过计算可知,该两种装夹方式都可有效减小薄壁圆环类零件装夹变形,为提高薄壁圆环类零件加工精度提供理论基础。

Thin walled circular ring parts are widely used in centrifugal compressor equipment.In turning machining,elastic deformation occurs due to the influence of clamping force,which affects the machining accuracy of the workpiece.To explore the influence of clamping deformation on parts and ensure the operational efficiency of centrifugal compressors,a combination of theoretical analysis and finite element simulation is used to establish theoretical deformation models and finite element simulation models for thin-walled circular ring parts under four jaw chuck clamping on horizontal lathes for optimization research.By comparing the two models,it can be concluded that the deformation results of the finite element simulation model are consistent with those of the theoretical model,and it can be concluded that the radial deformation of the ordinary clamping of thin-walled circular rings is more sensitive.Based on this,two optimized clamping schemes,axial clamping and uniformly distributed radial clamping,are proposed to reduce the radial deformation of thin-walled circular parts during the machining process.Through calculation,it can be concluded that both clamping methods can effectively reduce the clamping deformation of thin-walled circular parts,providing a theoretical basis for improving the machining accuracy of thin-walled circular parts.