新型冠状病毒感染致呼吸系统损伤的研究进展

Research progress of respiratory system injury caused by novel coronavirus

新型冠状病毒感染(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)因为细胞因子风暴等原因导致急性炎症,发生急性呼吸窘迫综合征、呼吸衰竭等临床症状,对呼吸系统造成潜在的长期影响。重症患者可能会发生肺间质纤维化,造成永久性肺损伤,对生命健康造成严重影响。新型冠状病毒不断变异,至今已经演化出多种变异株,且具有更强的传播力和致病性。笔者主要对COVID-19导致呼吸系统损伤的病理特征和机制、主要临床表现和治疗及预后进行综述,旨在提高人们对COVID-19导致呼吸系统损伤的认识。

When SARS-CoV-2 infects the respiratory system,it induces a cytokine storm leading to acute inflammation,acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),respiratory failure,and other clinical manifestations,potentially exerting a long-term impact on respiratory health.In severe cases,the infection may lead to pulmonary interstitial fibrosis,resulting in permanent lung damage that profoundly affects individuals’health and quality of life.The SARS-CoV-2 is in a state of continuous mutation,giving rise to various mutant strains with enhanced transmissibility and virulence.This review primarily consolidates the pathological features,mechanisms,principal clinical manifestations,therapeutic interventions,and prognostic outcomes associated with respiratory system damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.The objective of this review is to enhance the understanding of the respiratory impairments linked to SARS-CoV-2.