齐踝及齐膝弹力裤对大腿吸脂病人深静脉血栓预防效果的对比研究

Study of the prevention effect of Ankle-length or Knee-length elastic pants on deep vein thrombosis in patients with thigh liposuction

目的探讨弹力裤对凝血功能和深静脉血栓的影响。方法2021年10月~2022年10月因大腿脂肪堆积拟行吸脂瘦腿术的女性病人80例,随机分为齐踝弹力裤组(A组,40例)和齐膝弹力裤组(K组,40例)。两组病人吸脂手术完成,使用弹力绷带对大腿进行初步加压包扎后,根据病人大腿粗细,A组病人穿上合适的齐踝弹力裤,K组病人穿上合适的齐膝弹力裤。比较两组病人术后腘窝静脉流速、股静脉流速、足背温度、深静脉血栓发生率、小腿肌间静脉血栓发生率、凝血指标等活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)、D-二聚体(D-Dimer)。结果与术前比较,A组病人腘静脉及股总静脉血液流速明显加快,K组病人腘静脉血液流速明显减慢,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后两组病人APTT、PT无变化(P>0.05),Fib及D-Dimer在术后第1天显著增高,随后逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与K组比较,A组病人术后各个时点腘静脉及股总静脉血液流速均明显加快,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组病人术后第1、3、7天时的Fib及D-Dimer均低于K组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在第14天左右两组之间凝血指标均恢复正常水平。两组病人组间及组内足背温度比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手术后A组病人未发现深静脉血栓,K组病人在第3、7天时分别有3例无临床症状的深静脉血栓形成,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);手术后A组及K组病人在术后第1、3、7天时均有小腿肌间静脉血栓形成,第3、7天时两组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论大腿吸脂可导致病人无明显临床症状的深静脉血栓及小腿肌间血栓形成,齐踝长度的弹力裤更有利于病人腿部的血液循环,改善血液高凝状态,降低术后深静脉血栓形成的风险。

Objective To investigate the effect of elastic pants on coagulation function and deep vein thrombosis by examining blood coagulation function and deep vein thrombosis in patients with liposuction in the thigh before and after operation.Methods 80 patients with liposuction were randomly divided into Ankle-length elastic pants(Ankle group,A group,n=40)and Knee-length elastic pants(Knee group,K group,n=40)from October 2021 to October 2022.After liposuction surgery,the two groups of patients used elastic bandage to initially compress and bind the thigh.According to the length of the patients’thigh,the patients in A group wore appropriate ankle-length elastic pants and the patients in K group wore appropriate knee-length elastic pants.The index were recorded including the popliteal vein flow rate,the common femoral vein flow rate,the instep temperature,the incidence of deep vein thrombosis(DVT),the incidence of intramuscular vein thrombosis of leg and the coagulation indexes(APTT,PT,Fib,D-dimer).Results Compared with pre-operation,the blood flow rate of popliteal vein and common femoral vein in A group was significantly faster,while the blood flow rate of popliteal vein in K group was significantly slower(P<0.05).There was no significant change in APTT and PT in the two groups after operation(P>0.05),but the Fib and D-Dimer increased significantly on the first day after operation,and then decreased gradually(P<0.05).Compared with K group,the blood flow of popliteal vein and common femoral vein in A group was significantly faster at each time point after operation(P<0.05).The Fib and D-Dimer of patients in A group were significantly lower than those in K group on the 1st,3rd and 7th day after operation(P<0.05),and the blood coagulation index between the two groups returned to normal around the 14th day.There was no statistically significant difference in the instep temperature between groups and within groups(P>0.05).No deep venous thrombosis was found in A group after surgery,while there were 3 cases of deep venous thrombosis without clinical symptoms in K group on the 3rd and 7th day,with no statistical difference(P>0.05).After surgery,patients in A group and K group had intramuscular venous thrombosis of the leg on the 1st,3rd and 7th day after surgery,and there was statistically significant difference on the 3rd and 7th day between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Thigh liposuction can lead to deep vein thrombosis without obvious clinical symptoms and intramuscular vein thrombosis of leg.Ankle-length elastic pants are more conducive to blood circulation of patients’legs,improve blood hypercoagulability,and reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis after operation.