从含钌废料中回收钌的研究进展

Research Progress on Recovering Ruthenium from Ruthenium-Containing Waste

从铂族金属废料中回收再利用钌对于实现行业可持续发展、节约资源和环境保护都有着重大影响。钌废料一般包括含钌废催化剂、含钌合金材料、含钌核废料和其他含钌废料等。综述了不同钌废料的综合回收处理方法,分别介绍了氧化蒸馏法转化可溶性盐、熔融—还原—氧化法、熔融—氧化—蒸馏法、微波浸出—浊点萃取法、蒸馏—熔融—还原法、熔融—还原—氧化法、离子交换法、氧化挥发法、电解法、生物吸附法和物理吸附法等工艺,总结了现有钌废料回收技术的优缺点,并对未来钌废料回收工艺的发展方向进行了展望。

Recovering and reusing ruthenium from platinum group metal waste has great influence on sustainable development,resource conservation and environmental protection.Ruthenium waste generally includes ruthenium-containing waste catalysts,ruthenium-containing alloy materials,ruthenium-containing nuclear waste and other ruthenium-containing waste.The comprehensive recovery and treatment methods of different ruthenium wastes are summarized.The processes of transforming soluble salts by oxidative distillation,melting-reduction-oxidation,melting-oxidation-distillation,microwave leaching-cloud point extraction,distillation-melting-reduction,melting-reduction-oxidation,ion exchange,oxidation volatilization,electrolysis,biosorption and physical adsorption are introduced respectively.The advantages and disadvantages of existing ruthenium waste recovery technologies are summarized.And the development direction of ruthenium waste recovery technology in the future is prospected.