环境介质中抗生素分析技术研究进展

Advances in analysis techniques of antibiotics in environmental media

对国内外标准和文献报道的环境介质中抗生素分析技术进行综述。介绍了不同类型抗生素的基本性质,总结了它们在环境中的污染特点。结合国内外现行标准和公开发表的文献,总结了当前水质、土壤等环境介质中抗生素的分析方法,包括理化检测技术和免疫检测技术。比较了液相色谱法、气相色谱法、光谱分析法、酶联免疫法、电化学分析法等方法的特点,高效液相色谱质谱法是当前分析环境介质中抗生素最广泛、最稳定、最成熟的方法,其他分析方法尚待完善。现阶段对环境中抗生素的分析以地表水为主,对废水、土壤和沉积物的研究较少。这些技术和方法可为实验室建立抗生素分析方法提供重要参考依据;同时,为满足环境监测多样性的需求,抗生素分析技术仍然有巨大的发展潜力和良好的研究前景。

The advances in analysis techniques of antibiotics in environmental media reported by domestic and foreign standards was reviewed.The fundamental properties of different types of antibiotics were introduced,and their pollution characteristics in the environment were summarized.Based on current domestic and foreign standards and published literature,the analysis methods for antibiotics in environmental media such as water and soil were summarized,including physical and chemical detection technology and immune detection technology.Comparing the characteristics of liquid chromatography,gas chromatography,spectroscopic analysis,enzyme-linked immunoassay,electrochemical analysis and other methods,high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is the most extensive,stable and mature method for analyzing antibiotics in environmental media.Other analysis methods still need to be improved.At present,the analysis of antibiotics in the environment is mainly focused on surface water,with less research on wastewater,soil,and sediment.These technologies and methods can provide important reference for establishing antibiotic analysis methods in the laboratory.At the same time,antibiotic analysis technology still has enormous development potential and good research prospects to meet the diverse needs of environmental monitoring.