装载机驾驶室方向盘倾角对肌肉疲劳的影响研究

Research on the influence of steering wheel angle of loader cab on muscle fatigue

为分析装载机驾驶员在驾驶过程中手臂肌肉的疲劳情况,设计并完成动态旋转方向盘试验,测试并比较3种方向盘倾角(A型为24°、B型为25°、C型为31°)对肌肉疲劳的影响情况。采用现场真机实验的方法,选取左臂中三角肌为测试对象,聘请14名驾驶员作为被试人员,运用表面肌电测量方法并提取操控方向盘时的表面肌电数据,采用单因素方差分析方法分析3种测量结果并对MPF进行两两比较,实验结果为A型和B型之间不存在显著性差异(P>0.05),C型与A型和B型均存在显著性差异(P<0.05);表明不同的方向盘倾角对肌肉疲劳有较大影响。通过研究得出结论,C型方向盘倾角较容易疲劳,A型和B型不容易疲劳,在仅考虑方向盘倾角的前提下,A型和B型的方向盘倾角优于C型。在装载机驾驶室人机设计中,为降低驾驶员肌肉疲劳,建议方向盘盘面应采用较平缓设计方式,该结论可为后续的方向盘倾角设计提供参考。

In order to analyze the fatigue of arm muscles of loader drivers during driving,a dynamic rotating steering wheel test was designed and completed,and the influence of three steering wheel angles(24°for type A,25°for type B and 31°for type C)on muscle fatigue was tested and compared.The field real machine experiment was adopted.The deltoid muscle of the left arm was selected as the test object,and 14 drivers were hired as the test personnel.Surface electromyography was used as the measurement method and the data was extracted when controlling the steering wheel.The one-way ANOVA method was used to analyze the three measurement results and compare the mean power frequency(MPF)in pairs,and the experimental results showed that there was no significant difference between type A and type B(P>0.05),and there was a significant difference between type C and type A and type B(P<0.05);It showed that different steering wheel inclination angles have a greater impact on muscle fatigue.The conclusion showed that the inclination angle of type C steering wheel was easier to fatigue,and type A and type B were not,and on the premise of considering the inclination of the steering wheel only,the steering wheel inclination of type A and B were better than that of type C.In the Human-machine design of the loader cab,in order to reduce the driver’s muscle fatigue,it is recommended that the steering wheel surface should adopt a gentler design method,which provides a reference for the subsequent steering wheel inclination design.