基于激光测振技术的铣床电主轴振动特性研究

Research on vibration characteristics of electric spindle of milling machine based on laser vibration measurement technology

采用激光测振技术获取了机床不同转速下的振动信号,并分析研究了其振动特性。使用激光测振仪采集机床电主轴的振动速度信号,避免了传统传感器带来的附加质量问题,提高了测量的准确性。完成电主轴在不同位置测点和不同转速运转状态下的振动信号采集实验,对采集到的原始振动速度信号和原始振动速度信号,经积分得到的振动位移信号,并进行时域分析。结果表明:在所测转速范围内机床电主轴的振动位移平均幅值稳定在1μm范围内;在所测转速范围内,随着转速的增加,电主轴各个测点的振动烈度是先缓慢增加再减小再快速增加的趋势,在14 000 r/min振动烈度局部最小,该结果可指导实际加工过程中的加工参数选择;电主轴上测点轴向方向位置距离主轴端部越近,振动烈度越大,检测主轴振动状况是否异常时应选取靠近主轴端部的测点来代表电主轴的振动状况。

In this paper,the vibration signals of the machine tool at different speeds are obtained by laser vibration measurement technology,and the vibration characteristics are analyzed and studied.The laser vibrometer is used to collect the vibration velocity signal of the motorized spindle of the machine tool,which avoids the additional mass problem caused by the traditional sensor and improves the accuracy of the measurement.The vibration signal acquisition experiments of the motorized spindle at different measuring points and different rotational speeds are completed.The time domain analysis of the vibration displacement signal obtained by integrating the original vibration velocity signal and the original vibration velocity signal is carried out.The results show that the average amplitude of the vibration displacement of the machine tool motorized spindle is stable in the range of 1μm within the measured rotational speed range.In the measured rotational speed range,with the increase of rotational speed,the vibration intensity of each measuring point of the motorized spindle increases slowly first,then decreases and then increases rapidly,and the vibration intensity is the smallest at 14000 r/min.The results can guide the selection of processing parameters in the actual machining process.The closer the axial position of the measuring point on the motorized spindle is to the end of the spindle,the greater the vibration intensity is.When detecting whether the spindle vibration condition is abnormal,the measuring point near the end of the spindle should be selected to represent the vibration condition of the motorized spindle.