电化学反应性捕集CO_(2)研究进展与挑战

Advances and challenges in electrocatalysis for reactive capture of CO_(2)

CO_(2)捕集是控制温室气体排放的关键技术之一,电化学CO_(2)还原是关闭人工碳循环的有效途径,但CO_(2)捕集和电化学CO_(2)还原过程均为能源密集型过程。过去的研究将两者视为相互独立的技术和科学领域进行发展。通过直接电解捕集介质(如胺基富液和碳酸氢盐),将上游的碳捕集和下游的电化学还原过程进行集成耦合,可以避免高能耗的捕获介质再生和CO_(2)释放环节,避免CO_(2)的运输和存储操作,降低整体工艺的运行成本,提升整个碳循环的能量效率和经济效益,为节约能源和经济高效地捕集利用CO_(2)提供了一个潜在的解决方案。总结了目前电化学反应性捕集CO_(2)的研究进展,论述了在电极和电解质方面取得的成果,讨论了影响集成电解效率的限制因素,并分析了各类因素的潜在影响机制和可能的反应路径。最后,强调了直接电化学还原捕集介质领域的主要挑战和机遇,并对未来耦合碳捕集与电化学利用过程的发展进行展望。

CO_(2)capture is a key technology for controlling greenhouse gas emissions.Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction offers an effective method to close the artificial carbon cycle.However,both processes are energy-intensive and have traditionally been treated as separate technical and scientific fields.Recent advancements propose integrating upstream carbon capture with downstream electrochemical reduction processes.This integration can be achieved through direct electrolysis of capture media such as an amine-rich solution and bicarbonate.This integration approach offers several benefits,including avoiding the energy-intensive regeneration of the capture medium and the release of CO_(2),eliminating the need for CO_(2)transportation and storage,reducing the overall operating costs,and enhancing the energy efficiency and economic benefits of the entire carbon cycle.Consequently,this integrated system presents a promising solution for economically and efficiently capturing CO_(2)while saving energy.This paper aims to summarize the recent advances in electrochemical reactivity CO_(2)capture(ERCC),discuss the achievements in electrode and electrolyte development,examine the limiting factors that impact the efficiency of integrated electrolysis,and analyze the potential mechanisms and reaction pathways influenced by various factors.Additionally,the paper highlights the main challenges and opportunities in the field of direct electrochemical reduction of capture media and provides a prospective outlook on the future development of coupled carbon capture and electrochemical utilization processes.