CO_(2)转化技术的环境和经济效益评价及未来发展趋势

Evaluation of environmental and economic benefits of CO_(2)utilizationtechnologies and their future development trends

2022年全球CO_(2)排放量约为360.7亿t,仅2.3亿t CO_(2)被捕获并利用,占比仅为0.64%。为了实现2060年的碳中和目标,CO_(2)排放量需降至50亿t,CO_(2)利用总量需达到12亿t,其利用占比将增至24%,提高CO_(2)利用水平迫在眉睫。碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)技术已经成为减少CO_(2)排放、应对全球气候问题最具潜力的技术选择之一,通过不同的技术路径将捕集的CO_(2)转化为具有高附加值的工业产品一直是学术界和工程界的研究重点和热点,但不同的转化技术对于CO_(2)减排的潜在贡献仍存在不确定性。对近年来CO_(2)转化技术的发展现状进行了系统的综述,聚焦于3种具有代表性的CO_(2)转化路径和产品,并结合工业应用案例,对不同技术路径和不同产品的环境影响和技术经济性进行了比较分析。CO_(2)的碳酸化、利用CO_(2)生产聚合物产品等路径具有较高的碳负排放潜力,对于减少总体CO_(2)排放具有重要意义。

In 2022,global CO_(2)emissions reached 36.07 Gt,but only 230 Mt of CO_(2)were captured and utilized,accounting for just 0.64%of the total emissions.To achieve the ambitious goal of carbon neutrality by 2060,CO_(2)emissions must be reduced to 5 Gt,with CO_(2)utilization reaching a total of 1.2 Gt,representing a utilization rate of 24%.This highlights the urgent need to enhance CO_(2)utilization.Carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology is considered one of the most promising solutions for mitigating CO_(2)emissions in addressing the urgent global challenges posed by climate change.The transformation of captured CO_(2)into value-added industrial products(CCU)through various chemical,biological,and electrochemical processes has been a core focus of both academic and industrial research.Despite the focus on CCU,the precise contribution of various conversion technologies to reducing CO_(2)emissions remains unclear.To address this issue,this paper systematically reviews the developmental landscape of CO_(2)conversion technologies over recent decades,with a particular focus on three representative CO_(2)conversion pathways and their resulting products.Through a comprehensive analysis,the paper conducts a comparative assessment of the environmental impacts and technical economics associated with distinct technology pathways and products.The discussion further explores the potential applications of these conversion technologies and their capacity to achieve negative carbon emissions.Crucially,the research highlights the substantial potential for achieving negative carbon emissions,thereby playing a pivotal role in the overall reduction of CO_(2)emissions.In conclusion,this paper not only provides insights into the current state of CO_(2)conversion technologies but also emphasizes the crucial role of carbonation and polymerization products in achieving significant reductions in carbon emissions.