外泌体在抑郁症诊治中的研究进展

Research advances in exosomes for diagnosis and treatment of depression

外泌体是一类由细胞分泌且包含蛋白质、脂类和核酸等多种生物活性物质的细胞外囊泡,其在大脑中参与了神经发生、突触可塑性、细胞间通讯等多种生理过程,与抑郁症的发生发展有着密切联系。由于外泌体可以穿过血脑屏障并能在多种外周体液中提取,因此,中枢神经系统来源的外泌体可能有助于揭示大脑相关疾病的病理生理。本文综述了外泌体在抑郁症常见发病机制中的作用,并探讨了其作为抑郁症早期诊断的生物标志物以及精准化治疗表现出的巨大潜力,以期为抑郁症的研究提供新思路。

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells containing various biologically active substances,including proteins,lipids and nucleic acids.In the brain,exosomes participate in many physiological processes,such as neurogenesis,synaptic plasticity,and intercellular communication,and are closely associated with the development of depression.As exosomes can traverse the blood-brain barrier and be extracted in various peripheral body fluids,exosomes of central nervous system origin may facilitate understanding the pathophysiology of brain-related disorders.This review summarizes the role of exosomes in the common pathogenesis of depression,and it also discusses the great potential as biomarkers for early depression diagnosis and precision medicine,aiming to provide novel perspectives for depression research.