试析东汉帝陵营建的若干问题

Tentative Analysis of Several Issues on the Construction of Eastern Han Imperial Mausoleums

关于汉代帝陵开始修筑的时间,《晋书》记载:“汉天子即位一年而为陵,天下贡赋三分之,一供宗庙,一供宾客,一充山陵”。实际情况并非如此,已有学者考证西汉帝陵各陵始建时间并不一致,但绝大多数西汉皇帝即位之后会尽快开始修筑自己的陵墓[2]。两汉陵寝发生了较大变化,那么东汉帝陵在修筑时间与营建流程方面又有哪些特点,以往研究对此关注较少。本文结合文献记载与最新考古资料就有关问题略作探讨。

Based on the comparative analysis of documental records and the duration of funerary period for each emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty,it is suggested that only the first three emperors may have had"pre-planned mausoleums."The selection of the imperial mausoleum's location was confirmed well before the"pre-planning of mausoleum."The two main mausoleum areas of the Eastern Han Dynasty were comprised of the imperial mausoleum area and the attendant burial area.Individual mausoleum courtyard possibly had a dual internal and external structure.The construction of underground burial chamber marked the initial phase of imperial mausoleum construction,while the construction of above-ground mausoleum buildings may have lasted over a decade.Changes in the layout of the Yuanling mausoleum courtyard during the reign of Emperor Ming of Han were associated with the implementation of the"ritual of visiting the mausoleum,"aimed at consolidating political power and strengthening governance.