图式语言视角下传统村落公共空间特征解构与景观修复研究——以坪坦村为例

Deconstruction of public space characteristics and restoration of landscapes in traditional villages from the perspective of pattern language:a case study of Pingtan Village

传统村落公共空间是中国传统农业社会物质文化与非物质文化的重要载体.在乡村振兴、城乡一体化背景下,解构传统村落公共空间特征、修复传统村落公共空间景观对传统村落保护具有重要意义.该文采用了文本分析法、参与式观察法等,结合了图式语言理论,以坪坦村为例构建传统村落公共空间图式语言体系,对公共空间特征进行解构,提出景观修复策略.研究表明:1)以图式语言理论为基础,构建坪坦村公共空间图式语言体系.通过解构分析坪坦村公共空间构成要素得出了75种图式语汇,解构公共空间秩序法则得出了相邻、相交等词法与秩序性、时间性和本土性等句法,解构公共空间生长环境得出了自然、社会和文化语境.2)坪坦村公共空间表现出特征极为突出的侗族特色:公共空间布局中自然环境与传统建筑情景交融;生产、生活与精神公共空间场所互动共生;公共空间节点多维嵌套,层次丰富.3)图式语言视角下的传统村落公共空间景观修复路径:按“字—词—词组”层层递进织补空间元素;按“时间—空间—情感”循序渐进构建空间秩序;按“完善—修缮—重构”滚动式表达空间意境.研究通过对传统村落公共空间的图式解析和特征解构,为传统村落公共空间的景观修复提供新思路、新方法.

The public space of traditional villages is an important carrier of material and intangible culture in traditional Chinese agricultural society.Under the background of rural revitalisation and urban-rural integration,it is of great significance to deconstruct the characteristics of traditional village public space and to restore the landscape of traditional village public space for the protection of traditional villages.Taking Pingtan Village as an example,this paper presents an integrated study of textual analysis,participatory observation,etc.,combined with the theory of pattern language,in which a pattern language system of traditional village public space is constructed,public space features are deconstructed,and landscape restoration strategies are proposed.The study shows that:1)The pattern language system of public space in Pingtan Village is constructed under the guidance of pattern language theory.Seventy five pattern terms are defined by deconstructing the constituent elements of public space in Pingtan Village.Lexical rules as neighbouring and intersecting and syntactic rules as orderliness,temporality and nativeness are set by deconstructing the law of order in public space,and the natural,social as well as cultural contexts are created by deconstructing the growing environment of public space.2)The public space of Pingtan Village shows strong characteristics of Dong nationality:natural environment and traditional architecture are blended in the public space layout;production space,living space and spiritual space interact and coexist;public space nodes are multi-dimensionally nested and richly layered.3)The path of landscape restoration of traditional village public space from the perspective of pattern language is as follows:weaving spatial elements at the hierarchical levels of“character-word-phrase”,constructing spatial order from the progressive dimensions of“time-space-emotion”,and expressing spatial context in the cycling procedures of“completing-repairing-restructuring”.The study provides new ideas and methods for landscape restoration of traditional village public space through pattern analysis and feature deconstruction of traditional village public space.