中国氦气资源成藏规律与开发前景

Helium resources accumulation regulations and their development prospects in China

氦气是一种关系国民经济和高新技术产业发展的全球性稀缺资源,中国工业用氦主要依赖进口,因此急需明确氦气成藏富集规律、寻找富氦气田,落实中国氦气资源家底和开发潜力。系统梳理了全球氦气资源分布及开发现状,开展国内氦气资源普查与分布研究,剖析了国内典型富氦气田气藏特征及成藏条件,明确了中国主要富氦气田氦气成因来源和富集成藏主控因素,认为中国天然气中氦气主要以壳源为主,指出相对浅埋的富铀钍古老花岗岩基底或侵入体、早期形成的大型稳定古隆起或古潜山、良好的上覆巨厚膏盐岩或泥岩盖层、沟通基底和储层的运移通道是氦气成藏富集的主控因素,建立了富氦常规气、富氦页岩气、富氦非烃气和富氦水溶气4种不同类型富氦气藏的成藏模式并预测富氦有利勘探区。在此基础上分析了中国氦气资源开发前景,提出了寻找富氦气田,加强中、低丰度氦气资源综合开发利用是未来提高中国国内氦气产量的重要方式。

Helium is a globally scarce strategic resource that is relevant to national economies and the development of high-tech industries,and China relies mainly on imported helium for industrial use.Therefore,there is an urgent demand for clarifying helium formation and enrichment patterns,searching for helium-rich fields,and realizing China's helium resource inventory and development potential.This article analyzed the reservoir characteristics and accumulation conditions of typical helium-rich fields in China,and clarified the origin and source of helium and the main controlling factors of helium enrichment.It was recognized that helium in natural gas in China comes mainly from crustal sources.Relatively shallow buried ancient U-Th-rich granite basement or intrusion,large and stable ancient uplift or submarine formed in the early period,good overburden of huge thick paste-salt rock or mudstone cover,and channels connecting the basement and reservoir,were the main controlling factors of helium enrichment.Four types of helium-rich gas reservoirs,namely helium-rich conventional gas,helium-rich shale gas,helium-rich non-hydrocarbon gas,and helium-rich water-soluble gas,have been modeled and predicted to be helium-rich favorable exploration areas.Based on this,the prospect of helium resource development in China has been analyzed.It was proposed that the exploration of helium-rich fields and the comprehensive development and utilization of medium-and low-abundance helium resources are important ways to increase the domestic helium production in China in the future.