栽培年限的增加对人参根区土壤养分及微生物群落结构的影响

Effects of Increasing Cultivation Years on Soil Nutrients and Microbial Community Structure in Root Zone of Ginseng

参照相关行业标准对不同栽培年限人参根区土壤pH、电导率及各种营养成分进行测定,并使用分离培养基对土壤中的真菌、细菌和放线菌进行培养,利用高通量测序技术对土壤微生物基因组进行分析。结果表明:人参的种植会导致土壤酸化,且随栽培时间的延长,土壤各项营养成分均呈现不同程度降低的趋势;相同情况下,土壤微生物群落结构也会产生一些变化,其中土壤真菌随栽培年限的升高其数量呈升高趋势,细菌和放线菌数量呈现降低趋势;通过皮尔逊相关性分析可知,土壤养分因子与微生物之间关系密切,具有统计学意义(≥0.2)的相关性系数占试验总数据的84.62%;测序结果显示,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)等是试验土壤中的主要细菌门类,栽参会显著影响土壤细菌群落结构,导致常见的优势菌群相对丰富度降低,并促使细菌性假丝酵母念珠菌(WPS-2)等有害菌大量繁殖;子囊菌门(Ascomycota)等是真菌群落结构中的主要门类,栽参会导致真菌的群落构成受到影响,常规菌种相对丰度降低,腐质霉属(Humicola)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)及土赤壳属(Ilyonectria)等致病真菌类群大量繁殖且彼此存在共生关系。综上,土壤微生物对土壤养分的调节具有积极作用,明确人参根区土壤微生物的生命活动以及发展规律,为促进人参种植产业的优化升级提供理论依据。

Soil pH,electrical conductivity and various nutrients were measured in the root zone of ginseng with reference to relevant industry standards,and soil fungi,bacteria and actinomycetes were cultured using isolation media.In the same situation,soil microbial community structure also showed some changes,among which the number of soil fungi tended to increase with the increase of cultivation years,and the number of bacteria and actinomycetes tended to decrease;Pilsen correlation analysis showed that there was a close relationship between soil nutrient factors and microorganisms,and the correlation coefficients with statistical significance(≥0.2)in this study accounted for 84.62%of the overall data.The results of sequencing showed that Proteobacteria were the main bacterial phyla in the test soils,and planting ginseng had a significant impact on soil bacterial community structure,leading to a decrease in the relative abundance of common dominant groups and promoting the proliferation of harmful bacteria such as WPS-2;Ascomycota were the main bacterial phyla in the test soils.Ascomycota,which is the main fungal community structure,was affected by planting ginseng,and the relative abundance of conventional species was reduced,and pathogenic fungal groups such as Humicola,Fusarium,and Ilyonectria proliferated had symbiotic relationships with each other.In conclusion,the regulation of soil nutrients by soil microorganisms is positive,and it is important to clarify life activities and development rules of soil microorganisms,which can provide theoretical basis for promoting the optimization and upgrading of ginseng cultivation industry.