青年参与乡村振兴机制研究——基于“本土—返乡”框架的多案例比较分析

Research on the Mechanism of Youth Participation in Rural Revitalization——A Comparative Analysis of Multiple Cases Based on the Framework of"Homeland-return"

乡村振兴,关键在人;人才振兴,关键在青年。青年参与乡村振兴可为乡村带来活力,提供多元服务,动员村民实现增收,助力农业农村现代化。基于“本土—返乡”研究框架,分析4个典型案例,发现本土青年与返乡青年的乡村振兴参与机制在参与主体、领域、动机、方式、支持等方面都存在差异,由此需要进行类别分析。中坚农民在乡村社会中具有良好的社会关系,具有农业生产与服务的现实基础,支持中坚农民参与乡村振兴,有助于提供农业社会化服务,发挥农民主体性,实现内生式发展。返乡青年具有较好的信息资源、文化资源、资本资源和政策敏感性,可以提供多样化公共服务。但是返乡青年参与乡村振兴也具有任务性、短期性、唯经济性等特点。由此,在鼓励引导青年返乡的同时,也应该协调返乡青年与乡村社会的关系,保障农民利益和青年合法性权益,以此实现长效发展。

The key to rural revitalization lies in people;The key to talent revitalization lies in young people.Youth participation in rural revitalization can bring vitality to rural areas,provide diversified services,mobilize villagers to increase income,and help modernize agriculture and rural areas.Based on the research framework of"local-returnee",this paper analyzes four typical cases,and finds that the participation mechanisms of local youth and returnee youth in rural revitalization are dfferent in terms of participation subjects,fields,motivations,methods,and support,so categorical analysis is needed.Supporting the participation of backbone farmers in rural revitalization is conducive to providing agricultural socialized services,giving full play to farmers'subjectivity,and achieving endogenous development.Returnees have better access to information,cultural,capital and policy sensitivities,and can provide diversified public services.However,the participation of returnee youth in rural revitalization is also task-oriented,short-term,and economic,so while encouraging and guiding young people to return to their hometowns,it is also necessary to coordinate the relationship between returnees and rural society,and protect the interests of farmers and the legitimate rights and interests of youth,so as to achieve long-term development.