三车道大交通流公路隧道火灾人员安全疏散

Pedestrian Evacuation under Fire in Three-lane Highway Tunnel with Large Traffic Flow

为深入研究隧道横通道间距和车流量大小对人员安全疏散的影响。依托云南省昆明市三车道大交通流杨林公路隧道,建立了三车道隧道火灾燃烧及大交通流人员疏散模型,运用FDS计算人员疏散可用安全疏散时间(ASET),模拟火灾烟雾在三车道隧道中的纵横向蔓延规律,运用Pathfinder计算人员疏散必需安全疏散时间,并对比分析了两个时间,给出了人员在火灾到达危险状态前全部疏散到安全区域的必要条件。结果表明:人员距火源点的距离是影响可用安全疏散时间的重要因素,距离火源点50 m范围人员疏散可用时间在470 s以内,该区域相对较为危险;距火源点100 m处人员疏散必需时间为230 s;距离火源点50~300 m这个区间,可用安全时间较大,在470~600 s范围内;距离火源点超过300 m后,疏散人员可用安全疏散时间趋于无穷大,表明该区域人员逃生较为安全;人员必需安全疏散时间(RSET)随着距离火源点距离增大逐渐增加;距离最远处,即从着火点横通道到下一个疏散横通道处,所需时间为627 s;各测点人员疏散可用时间均大于必需时间,表明杨林隧道横通道设计参数满足火灾最不利工况下人员安全逃生,可认为杨林隧道火灾工况下人员安全疏散设计合理,为类似交通隧道的火灾安全设计提供了有益的参考。

In order to study the influence of tunnel transverse channel spacing and traffic flow size on pedestrian evacuation,based on the three-lane Yanglin highway tunnel with large traffic flow in Kunming,Yunnan,the fire burning and the evacuation model with the large traffic flow in the three-lane tunnel is established.The available safety egress time(ASET)is calculated by FDS,and the vertical and horizontal spreading rule of fire smoke in the three-lane tunnel is simulated.The necessary ASET is calculated by Pathfinder,and the 2 times are compared and analyzed.The result shows that(1)the distance from the fire source is an important factor affecting the safe evacuation time available for pedestrian,the ASET within 50 m from the fire source is less than 470 s,and this area is relatively dangerous;(2)the necessary evacuation time at 100 m from the fire source is 230 s;(3)away from the fire source of about 50-300 m,the ASET is longer in the range of 470-600 s;(4)when farther than 300 m,the ASET tends to infinity,indicating that this area is relatively safe to escape;(5)the required safe egress time(RSET)increases gradually with the increase of the distance from the fire source;(6)the farthest distance,from the cross passage with fire to the next one without fire,takes 627 s;(7)the RSET at each measuring point is longer than the ASET,indicating that the design parameters of the cross passage of Yanglin tunnel meet the requirements of pedestrian evacuation under the worst fire condition.It can be considered that the safety evacuation design of pedestrian under fire conditions in Yanglin tunnel is reasonable,and provides a useful reference for the fire safety design of similar traffic tunnels.