考虑贸易信贷周期的中欧班列联合补货决策

Stochastic Multi-item Joint Replenishment Problem Considering Trade Creditunder China-Europe Trade

随着需求不确定性的增加,中欧贸易间订单碎片化趋势明显,针对不同货品的运输时效性要求越来越高。中欧班列的常态化运行为中欧跨境外贸企业物流运输方式选择提供了选项,外贸企业可根据不同货品上市时效性和运输的时间成本在传统海运和中欧班列间做出选择。针对多品集中采购与运输决策是联合补货问题(joint replenishment problem,JRP)的研究重点,本文对随机需求JRP进行了拓展,提出综合考虑贸易信贷周期的JRP。具体来看,以系统总成本最小为目标,研究考虑货品提前期时间成本,通过对引入贸易周期信贷,以0-1决策变量控制不同货品的运输方式选择,构建贸易周期信贷的JRP模型。针对JRP问题NP-hard的性质,求解上,本文提出了一种混合差分闪电搜索算法(differential lightning search algorithm,DLSA)。数值实验分析了DLSA的最佳求解参数组合、求解稳定性和效率,并进一步研究揭示:(1)贸易信贷不仅有助于应对外贸订单小和补货频率增加的趋势,而且会有助于缩短外贸商的补货提前期;(2)在相同运输方式下,外贸商对运输价格的敏感性大于对运输时间的敏感性;(3)从外贸商的角度证实降低运价是短期提升中欧班列竞争力的最佳策略;(4)政府在推进中欧班列运营中发挥阶段性作用,对促进中欧班列的发展尤为重要。

With the uncertainties increase in market demands,fragmentary orders are becoming common practices in foreign trade between China and Europe,which brings great pressure on choosing the best transportation means for traders replenishing multi-items.Based on the fast development of China-Europe railway express(CERE),it provides a new option for transportation mode selection after CERE by passing its survival stage.Facing orders with many varieties and small batches,China-Europe businesses traders can make synthetically and flexible decisions between maritime and train transportations based on the time sensitivities of commodities in market and time consuming in transportation.In academic,joint replenishment problem(JRP)is the research area that dealing with multi-item joint replenishment and transportation.Therefore,under China-Europe trade circumstance,the stochastic demand JRP is expanded by considering trade credit during the transportation period in CERE.In specific,with the objective of minimum total cost,by considering the time cost of lead-time and assuming the trade credit is introduced to the business trader,a novel stochastic JRP model with trade credit during the period of CERE transportation is constructed,in which O-1 decision variables are utilized to control whether a transportation mode is selected.In light of the NP-hard nature of JRP,a new hybrid differential lightning search algorithm(DLSA)is developed to solve the proposed JRP.In numerical experiments,the best combination of searching parameters,the searching stableness and effectiveness of DLSA have been analyzed.Through experimenting on different scale of JRP cases,DLSA shows the best stableness and searching effectiveness comparing to DE,BBDE and LSA in solving SJRP and JRP-T but with the worse searching efficiency.Managerial insights are obtained:(1)Trade credit not only helps traders positively response to the trends of small orders and replenishment increasing,but also shortens retailers'replenishment lead-time.(2)Under a specific transportation mode,traders are inclined to choose carriers with lower prices than those with shorter transportation time.(3)From the perspective of traders,it is confirmed that the best strategy for improving the competitiveness of CERE in the short term is adopting a lower freight transportation rate.(4)Government plays a vital role in promoting CERE development,especially for CERE at different maturity stages.