角色转换视角下日本国际发展合作中的国际信任提升——基于日本对东南亚国家国际发展合作的分析

Japan's International Development Cooperation to Improve International Trust from the Perspective of Role Transition:Based on Analysis of Japan's International Development Cooperation in Southeast Asia

作为与东南亚国家有着历史宿怨的国家,日本如今在这一地区却拥有高水平的国际信任,既有调查研究表明日本国际发展合作对其国际信任的提升发挥了重要作用。为进一步解析日本如何在开展国际发展合作过程中提升国际信任的内在机制,可从角色转换视角下建立信任分析框架。角色转换是援助国客观行动和受援国主观认知相互作用的过程,分为两个阶段:在角色信号与期望阶段,援助国根据自身意欲塑造的角色发出信号,受援国对援助国的角色信号形成期望;在角色绩效与承认阶段,援助国利用援助成果创造角色绩效,争取受援国对其角色的认可。当角色或角色的承担者即援助国符合信任发生的条件时,援助国即可获得信任增量。日本利用国际发展合作在东南亚地区实现了由“负罪者”到“赔偿者”再到“建设者”的角色转换,目前朝着“领先者”的角色发展,由此成功改变了战后日本在该地区的国际信任赤字状态,树立了可信任的国际形象。中国作为国际发展合作的重要力量,也应更加主动地利用国际发展合作塑造角色,履行角色所规定的义务与责任,并保持角色变化的正向性,以提高国际社会对中国未来的预期、创造高水平的国际信任。

As a country with historical grievances with Southeast Asia,Japan now has a high level of international trust in the region.The available research has shown that Japan's international development cooperation has played an important role in improving international trust.To further explain the internal mechanism of how Japan promotes international trust in the process of carrying out international development cooperation,we can use the trust analysis framework from the perspective of role transformation.Role transformation is a process of interaction between the objective action of the donor country and the subjective cognition of the recipient country,which can be divided into two stages.In the role signal and expectation stage,the donor country sends a signal based on the role it is about to shape,and the recipient country forms expectations for the role signal sent by the donor country.In the role performance and recognition stage,the donor creates role performance through the practical results of aid,and wins recognition of its role by the recipient country.When the role or the undertaker of the role meet the conditions for the occurrence of trust,the donor country can obtain the trust increment.By carrying out international development cooperation,Japan has realized the role transformation from"the guilty one"to"the compensator",then to"the builder"in Southeast Asia,and is now developing towards the role of"the leader",which successfully changed the post-war international trust deficit of Japan in the region and established a credible international image.As an important force in international development cooperation,China should also take the initiative to shape its role in international development cooperation,fulfill its obligations and responsibilities under the role,and maintain the positive nature of role changes,so as to raise the international community's expectations for China's future and create a high level of international trust.