日本能源结构转型与政策执行困境

Dilemma of Japan's Energy Structure Transformation and Policy Implementation

世界各国正在加速向低碳能源排放和提高能源效率方向推进能源转型。日本提出了以确保能源安全作为前提,实现稳定供给、提高经济效率与环境协调的能源政策目标,为未来能源转型确立了多维度的供给体系与政策方向。但福岛核事故对日本能源转型造成的影响依然持续,其引发的转型困境也凸显出日本在能源政策执行过程中的诸多问题。日本在能源政策执行进程中并非按照各目标协调并进的原则,而是遵循着明显的经济优先排序,其具体政策也妨碍了减少核电和应对气候变化等积极措施的贯彻落实。日本的案例说明,气候安全的解决方案大多与各国的能源安全利益相冲突,以能源安全名义采取的政策反而会影响能源安全目标的实现。能源政策目标的内生性矛盾难以协调,也就意味着日本能源转型之路并非坦途。

Countries around the world are accelerating the energy transition towards low-carbon energy emissions and improving energy efficiency.With the premise of ensuring energy security,Japan has proposed the energy policy objective of ensuring stable supply,improving economic efficiency,and coordinating with the environment,aiming to establish a multi-dimensional supply system and policy direction for future energy transformation.However,the impact of the Fukushima nuclear crisis on Japan's energy transformation continues,and the transformation dilemma it has caused also highlights many problems in Japan's energy policy implementation process.In the execution of its energy policy,Japan has not followed the principle of making coordination between goals,but observed the principle of explicit economic priorities.Besides,the specific policies have hampered the implementation of positive measures such as reducing nuclear power and responding to climate change.Japan's case illustrates that climate security solutions often conflict with national energy security interests,and that policies taken in the name of energy security can undermine the achievement of energy security goals.Since it is hard to reconcile the inherent contradictions of the energy policy goals,Japan's energy transition path is not smooth.