抚顺西露天矿区边坡灾害多源监测预警系统及工程应用

Slope disaster monitoring and early warning system in Fushun west open pit mine and its engineering application

露天矿在我国分布广泛,受自然因素及工程扰动的影响,边坡崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害较为频发。针对露天矿区面积大、服务年限长、地质条件复杂的特点,以抚顺西露天矿区为工程背景,利用多源数据信息融合构建露天矿边坡灾害多维度协同监测与预警系统。基于采场区域位置、工程地质条件以及灾害分布特征,确定气象环境、地表、边坡以及周边重要建(构)筑物等主要监测对象,并建立反映露天矿边坡整体特征、局部特征和外部环境特征的多元监测指标体系;融合GNSS,InSAR,Li DAR和裂缝计等浅表层监测、分布式光纤深部原位监测、光纤光栅建筑物监测和边坡真实孔径雷达短临监测等手段,建立露天矿边坡灾害多维度协同监测系统,实现矿区边坡浅表、深部及周边建筑物的实时监测、周期性监测和灾害短临监测;通过对抚顺西露天矿区边坡灾害演化特征分析,将边坡位移速率作为预警指标,研究提出抚顺西露天矿区边坡灾害的预警等级和阈值;在已有地理信息的基础上,采用GIS、物联网等技术构建多参数、多维度、多时序的矿区地质灾害多源监测数据库,并开发露天矿边坡灾害可视化预警平台。实践效果表明,该系统能够快速、准确辨识矿区地质灾害隐患,大范围、高精度监测预警边坡灾害,有效提升露天矿区边坡灾害预警效率,相关成果对我国露天矿区边坡灾害防范具有借鉴和指导意义。

Open pit mines are widely distributed in China,and disasters such as rock collapses and landslides in open pits are very common due to both natural and engineering factors.Open pit slopes often cover a large area with a long service period and therefore their geological conditions can be very complicated.Considering these characteristics,this study takes the Fushun west open pit mine as the engineering background and develops a multiple-dimensional collaborative monitoring and early warning system for open pit slopes using multi-source information fusion technique.The meteorological environment,surrounding surface,open pit slope and the affected infrastructures were determined as the monitoring objects based on the mining location,engineering geological conditions and the distribution characteristics of potential disasters.A series of monitoring indicators reflecting the overall and local deformation characteristics of the open pit slope and external environmental characteristics were selected,and then the multi-dimensional collaborative monitoring system was established,which can implement the full-time monitoring,cyclical monitoring and urgent monitoring of potential hazards for both the open pit slope and surrounding buildings.By analyzing the evolution characteristics of slope disasters in Fushun west open pit,the displacement rate of the slope was taken as an early warning indicator,and thus three warning levels with corresponding threshold values were identified for typical slope hazards.Based on existed geographic information,a multi-parameter,multi-dimension and multi-sequence monitoring database for geological hazards of open pits was constructed using techniques including GIS,the Internet of Things,etc.,and finally,a platform for visualization and early warning of open pit slope hazards was developed.The results show that the multiple-dimensional collaborative monitoring and early warning system can quickly and accurately recognize the potential geological hazards in the mining area and significantly improve the warning efficiency of open pit slope disasters.The findings may provide reference and guidance for the prevention and mitigation of slope disasters at open pit mines in China.