新质生产力发展的分析框架:理论机理、测度方法与经验证据

An Analytical Framework for the Development of New Quality Productive Forces:Theoretical Mechanism,Measurement Methods,and Empirical Evidence

新质生产力是对传统生产力理论的重大创新,是马克思主义政治经济学中国化时代化的最新成果。文章尝试基于马克思主义政治经济学原理,构建一个涵盖理论机理、测度方法与经验证据的分析框架。在理论机理方面,主张从投入产出的视角理解生产力,生产力发展的本质即投入产出关系的改变及其导致的生产效率提升,并且新质成分既可作用于生产资料、通过直接改变生产过程影响生产效率,又可作用于劳动者、通过提升劳动技能间接影响生产效率。在测度方法方面,综合计算包括物化劳动和活劳动在内总的劳动时间投入,进而以全劳动生产率评估生产效率,同时分别从生产投入和劳动力再生产投入中识别新质成分及其动态变化。在经验证据方面,以数字经济为例,利用投入产出数据并通过计量分析发现,数字设备的投入显著促进了生产效率提升,而数字服务的投入对生产效率的影响具有先降后升的U型特征,这说明新质成分对生产力发展的作用可能具有非线性特点。

New quality productive forces as a significant innovation of conventional productive forces are the latest achievement of the sinicization and modernization of Marxist political economy.According to the principles of Marxist political economy,this study builds an analytical framework covering theoretical mechanism,measurement methods,and empirical evidence for new quality productive forces.In terms of theoretical mechanism,productive forces can be understood from the perspective of input and output.The nature of productive force development is the change in input-output relationship and the resulting increase in production efficiency.New quality elements can act on means of production and directly change the production process to influence production efficiency.In addition,they can act on laborers and indirectly affect production efficiency by improving labor skills.In terms of measurement methods,the total time input of labor including materialized labor and living labor is comprehensively calculated,and production efficiency is evaluated based on total labor productivity.Meanwhile,new quality elements and their dynamic changes are identified from the input in production and the input in reproduction of labor power labor,respectively.The empirical evidence is obtained with the digital economy as an example.The analysis of the input-output data shows that the input in digital equipment significantly improves the production efficiency,and the effect of digital service input on production efficiency presents a U-shaped pattern of first decreasing and then increasing.This indicates that the effects of new quality elements on the development of productive forces may be non-linear.