数字贸易中跨境数据流动的规制困境与优化路径

Regulatory Dilemma and Optimization Path of Cross-Border Data Flow in Digital Trade

跨境数据流动作为国际数字贸易治理的核心议题,其规制是数字贸易规制的关键环节。当前,跨境数据流动治理范式间存在显著的分歧乃至冲突,新的数字空间竞争和“数字鸿沟”正在形成,基于工业经济时代治理逻辑构建的国际贸易规则体系受到严峻挑战,存在数据流动壁垒、治理诉求差异、国际规则碎片化、现行税收征管制度滞后、跨境数据判定难度大等跨境数据流动规制困境。为充分释放数据自由流动带来的数字红利,中国应基于跨境数据流动规制的主要困境,借鉴国际经验,从破除数据流动壁垒、平衡数据安全和数据自由流动的诉求、积极参与全球和区域贸易协定制定、优化跨境数据流动税收征管体系等路径入手,统筹高水平安全和高质量发展,保障跨境数据安全有序流动,构建跨境数据流动信任体系,积极回应数字贸易规则与数据全球治理,促进数字贸易高质量发展。

Cross-border data flow is the core issue of international digital trade governance,and its regula⁃tion is the key link of digital trade regulation.The current governance paradigms of cross-border data flow present significant differences and even conflicts,and new digital space competition and digital divides are emerging.The international trade rules system built on the governance logic of the industrial economy era is facing severe challenges.The regulation of cross-border data flow faces difficulties such as data flow barriers,differences in governance demands,fragmentation of international rules,outdated tax collection and manage⁃ment systems,and difficulty in determining cross-border data.To fully release the digital dividend brought by the free flow of data,China should,targeting the main difficulties in the regulation of cross-border data flow,draw on international experience to coordinate high-level security and high-quality development and ensure the safe and orderly flow of cross-border data by practicing the following paths.These paths include breaking data flow barriers,balancing the demands of data security and free flow of data,actively participating in the formulation of global and regional trade agreements,and optimizing the tax collection and management system of cross-border data flow.Through these paths,China can build a trust system for cross-border data flow,ac⁃tively respond to digital trade rules and global data governance,and promote the high-quality development of digital trade.