档案学视野中的古文书学:西方经验与中国路径鸟瞰

Diplomatics from the Perspective of Archival Science: A Bird's-EyeView of Western Experience and China's Path

古文书学是西方自17世纪末以来创建的独立学科,与档案学有深刻的渊源与互动关系。自晚清开始,西方古文书学经由不同渠道传入中国。在它的参照下,中国现代档案学视野下的中国古文书学研究开始规划与组织,并与中国治牍传统相呼应,呈现出以中国文书为对象的属性特征。1980年代初,张我德在档案学框架下自觉以中国古文书学研究为目标,创建面向清代文书的古文书学知识体系,奠定中国古文书学作为档案学分支学科的基础。中国古文书辞典及其编纂,具有重要意义。这是自1930年代学者提出但最终未能实现的百年学术课题,是当代中国古文书学研究必须接续的重要历史使命。

Diplomatics is an autonomous discipline created in the West since the end of the 17th century,and has deep origins and interactive relationships with archival science.Since the late Qing Dynasty,Western diplomatics had been introduced to China through different channels.With its reference,the study of Chinese diplomatics from the perspective of Chinese archival science began to be planned and conducted,and followed with the Chinese tradition of the writing of official documents and records,which represented the attributes of ancient Chinese documents.Beginning in the early 1980s,scholars represented by Zhang Wode consciously aimed at the study of Chinese diplomatics within the framework of archival science,created a diplomatic knowledge system oriented to Qing Dynasty documents,and established the foundation of Chinese diplomatics as a sub-discipline of archival science.The century-old academic project proposed by archival scholars in the 1930s but ultimately failed to be realized,namely the compilation of a dictionary of Chinese diplomatics,is an important historical mission,which must be continued.