民国时期养鸡业的改良与困境研究

Crisis and Response:A Study on the Improvement and Dilemma of Poultry Industry in the Republic of China

本文对民国社会和政府在蛋品出口面临危机和复兴农村的背景下掀起的以宣传养鸡知识、推广种鸡、防治鸡病、建立示范区为主要内容的养鸡业改良活动及其成效有限的原因进行了研究。研究表明,作为养鸡主体的广大农民和专业养鸡者,在缺乏科学规划、得不到专业指导的情况下,由于资金缺乏、议价能力弱致使他们难以从改良活动中获取合理价格,造成他们改良养鸡业的激励不足,最终导致养鸡方法仍囿于传统而难以突破。

During the Republic of China era,in response to the severe crisis in egg export and the revival of the countryside,the Chinese society and government launched a campaign to promote the poultry industry by popularizing knowledge about chicken raising,advocating the use of breeding chicken,preventing and treating chicken diseases,and establishing demonstration zones.This paper conducts an in-depth study on the improvements in the poultry industry during that period of time,as well as the reasons for their limited effectiveness.The research reveals that a vast number of farmers and chicken producers,being the main body of the chicken industry,had no access to scientific planning and professional guidance.Moreover,lack of funds and weak bargaining power made it difficult for them to obtain reasonable prices from the improvements,thus discouraging them from carrying out reforms.As a result,they confined themselves to the traditional method of chicken farming.