民国内蒙古东部牲畜棚圈的搭建及利用

Establishment of Livestock Sheds and Livestock Environmental Management in Eastern Inner Mongolia during the Republic of China

作为协助牲畜抵御草原寒潮的利器,棚圈既是牲畜的生活空间,更是人类的生产空间,其搭建与利用不仅反映了农牧民对于家畜环境与牲畜空间的管理,而且也体现了畜牧生产模式与牧区社会的发展变迁。民国时期,内蒙古东部逐渐形成了农业区、农牧混合区以及纯牧区的多元经济地域,在此社会背景下,广大畜牧生产区的棚圈搭建数量逐渐增多,且不同地域在棚圈的选址、搭建、利用管理上也逐渐探索出了适应当地畜牧生产环境的多样模式,其中部分地区牲畜棚圈的建造与管理更融入了内地农区畜圈搭建的理念与技术,既反映出人、畜与草原环境的多元互动,也在一定程度上体现了内蒙古传统畜牧生产模式与牧区社会的新变迁。

As a sharp weapon to help livestock resist the cold wave on the grassland,the shed is not only the living space of livestock,but also the production space of human beings.Its construction and utilization not only reflect the management of farmers and herdsmen on the livestock environment and livestock space,but also reflect the development and changes of livestock production mode and pastoral society.During the period of the Republic of China,the eastern part of Inner Mongolia gradually formed a diversified economic region of agricultural areas,mixed farming and animal husbandry areas and pure pastoral areas.Under this social background,the number of sheds in the vast animal husbandry production areas gradually increased,and different regions gradually explored a variety of models to adapt to the local animal husbandry production environment in terms of location,construction,utilization and management of sheds,The construction and management of livestock sheds in some areas are more integrated into the concept and technology of livestock sheds in inland agricultural areas,which not only reflects the multiple interaction between people,livestock and grassland environment,but also reflects the new changes of traditional animal husbandry production mode and pastoral society in Inner Mongolia to a certain extent.