锡铁山中深孔爆破参数优化研究与应用

Research and Application on Parameters Optimization of Medium and Deep Hole Blasting in Xitieshan Mining Area

合理的爆破参数不仅能够有效降低采矿损失率、贫化率,而且对提升回采效率,降低采矿成本意义重大。针对理论计算、工程类比等方式确定的中深孔爆破参数现场适用性不强的问题,通过岩石力学参数测试、现场工程地质调查等,对锡铁山矿区的矿岩可爆性进行分析,矿岩的普氏系数为4.4,岩体基本指标BQ为334.6,综合评价锡铁山矿岩属于易爆类型;通过选取与锡铁山岩体参数相近矿山进行工程类比,结合爆破漏斗试验结果,对锡铁山中深孔崩矿参数进行优化,孔底距由原来的1.3~1.5 m调整为1.5~1.8 m,排距由原来的1.3 m调整为1.4~1.6 m。现场工业试验表明:爆破参数优化后,采场爆破效果良好,炸药单耗由0.42 kg/t降低至0.38 kg/t,降幅为9.52%,每米炮孔崩矿量由4.42 t提升至4.86 t,增幅为9.95%。

Reasonable blasting parameters can not only effectively reduce mining loss and dilution rates,but also have significant implications for improving mining efficiency and reducing mining costs.In response to the problem of poor on-site applicability of medium and deep hole blasting parameters determined through theoretical calculations,engineering analogies and other methods,the rock mechanics parameter tests and on-site engineering geological investigation were conducted to analyze the explosiveness of the ore rock in the Xitieshan mining area.The Proctor's coefficient of the ore rock was 4.4,and the basic rock mass index BQ was 334.6.Based on comprehensive evaluation,the Xitieshan ore rock belongs to the explosive type.By selecting mines with similar rock mass parameters to Xitieshan for engineering analogy,combined with the results of blasting funnel tests,the parameters of deep hole collapse in Xitieshan mining area were optimized.The hole bottom distance was adjusted from the original 1.3-1.5 m to 1.5-1.8 m,and the row distance was adjusted from the original 1.3 m to 1.4-1.6 m.On-site industrial experiments have shown that after optimizing the blasting parameters,the blasting effect in the mining area is good,the explosive consumption per unit has decreased from 0.42 kg/t to 0.38 kg/t,with a decrease of 9.52%,and the amount of ore caving of blasting hole has increased from 4.42 t/m to 4.86 t/m,with an increase of 9.95%.