1959—2022年青海省食源性肉毒中毒事件流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of foodborne botulism in Qinghai Province from 1959 to 2022

目的分析青海省食源性肉毒中毒事件流行特征及影响因素,为防控提供科学依据。方法收集1959—2022年青海省肉毒中毒数据,应用Excel 2021进行流行病学特征分析,利用R 4.2.3对事件数和病死率进行Mann-Kendall趋势检验,运用ArcGis 10.2软件制作空间分布图。结果1959—2022年发生食源性肉毒中毒事件86起,发病348人,死亡195人,病死率为56.03%。中毒主要发生在第二、三季度,牧民为主要的发病人群,肉毒毒素型别主要为E型,“风干肉”为主要的中毒食品,生食和开锅即食为主要的食用方式。结论青海省食源性肉毒中毒病死率整体呈下降趋势,发病地区也逐渐缩小,但作为我国高发地区之一,病死率仍处于较高水平,应进一步加强对高危人群食品安全教育,提高基层医疗机构对肉毒中毒的救治能力,减少中毒事件的发生和死亡。

Objective To provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of botulism,we analyzed the epidemic characteristics and influencing factors of foodborne botulism incidents in Qinghai Province over the years.Methods Botulism data from 1959 to 2022 were collected,and epidemiological characteristics were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2021 software.The Mann-Kendall trend test was conducted to analyze the number of botulism events and case fatality rates using R 4.2.3 software.The ArcGis 10.2 software was used to create a spatial distribution map of botulism incidents in Qinghai Province.Results A total of 86 events of foodborne botulism occurred from 1959 to 2022,with 348 cases and 195 deaths.The case fatality rate was 56.03%.The incidence was mainly concentrated in the second and third quarters,with herders being the major affected population.The chief type of botulinum toxin was the E type and“air-dried meat”was the major toxic food source.Raw and ready-to-eat foods were the major products consumed.Conclusion As a region with a high incidence of foodborne botulism,the cases of botulism and fatality rates have decreased significantly from 1959 to 2022.However,the case fatality rate remains high.Considering the particularity and high case fatality rate and geographical location of botulism,food safety education must be strengthened for high-risk groups,attract the attention of grassroots personnel in high-incidence areas,and improve the ability of grassroots medical institutions to treat this disease.