2011—2020年全国河鲀毒素中毒事件分析

Analysis of tetrodotoxin poisoning events in China from 2011 to 2020

目的分析2011—2020年全国河鲀毒素中毒事件的流行病学特征,为制定河鲀毒素中毒的精准防控措施提供科学依据。方法对2011—2020年通过“国家食源性疾病暴发监测系统”上报的河鲀毒素中毒事件进行描述性流行病学分析。结果我国2011—2020年共报告河鲀毒素中毒事件92起,中毒339人,死亡15人,病死率为4.4%。河鲀毒素中毒主要发生在我国沿海地区,原因食品包括鲜河鲀鱼(71.7%,66/92)、河鲀鱼干(13.0%,12/92)、织纹螺(7.6%,7/92)、鲎(5.4%,5/92)和云斑裸颊虾虎鱼(2.2%,2/92),每年3~4月是中毒高发期。结论做好河鲀毒素中毒的防控,建立生物标本中河鲀毒素检测方法,提高河鲀毒素中毒病原学鉴定能力;加强流通环节监管和科普宣传,改变民众捕食野生河鲀的饮食习惯。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of tetrodotoxin poisoning events in China from 2011 to 2020 and provide a scientific basis for precise measures to prevent and control tetrodotoxin poisoning.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of tetrodotoxin poisoning incidents reported through the National Foodborne Disease Outbreak Monitoring System from 2011 to 2020.Results From 2011 to 2020,92 cases of tetrodotoxin poisoning reports were received through the National Foodborne Disease Outbreak Monitoring System;339 people were poisoned and 15 were dead,with a case fatality rate of 4.4%.Tetrodotoxin poisoning was mainly concentrated in the coastal areas of China.The food carriers of tetrodotoxin included pufferfish(71.7%,66/92),dried pufferfish(13.0%,12/92),Nassariidae(7.6%,7/92),horseshoe crabs(5.4%,5/92),and Acentrogobius nebulosus(2.2%,2/92).Each year,a high incidence of poisoning occurs from March to April.Conclusion To effectively prevent and control tetrodotoxin poisoning,it is necessary to establish a method for detecting tetrodotoxins in biological samples,improve the ability to identify the pathogenic factors of tetrodotoxin poisoning,strengthen the supervision and popularization of science in the circulation process,and change the dietary habits of people who eat wild pufferfish.