“書法”詞源考與詞義嬗變研究

A Study on the Etymology and Semantic Evolution of“Shufa”書法(Calligraphy)

在中國傳世文獻中,“書法”一詞最早出現在《左傳》中。但春秋時期的“書法”顯然不是指後來所説的“書法藝術”,而是指當時史官在“史德”的精神自覺下形成的一種書寫記事原則。至漢代“好書”“善書”“工書”等記載的出現,古代文獻中的“書法”纔與日後的“書法藝術”近義。而“書法”一詞最早具有“書法藝術”概念的記載出現在南北朝時期,這也是“書法藝術”概念正式形成的時間下限。論文以考察“書法”一詞的起源與發展嬗變爲研究對象,通過傳世文獻與出土文獻之間的相互佐證,試圖對“書法”詞源與詞義嬗變進行系統深入的研究,以期有益于當下的書法教育與書法理論研究。

In the extant ancient Chinese philological documentation,the term shufa(calligraphy)first appears in the Zuo Zhuan.The word shufa in the Spring and Autumn period did not refer to what was later known as"the art of calligraphy,"but to a set of principles for writing and recording events formed by the historiographers of the time in the spirit of conscious"historical virtue."It was not until the Han dynasty,with the appearance of terms such as"good writing"(haoshu)and""being proficient/skilled at handwriting"(shanshu,gongshu),that this concept began to align closely with what was later known as"the art of calligraphy."Records of the term shufa in the sense of the"art of calligraphy"occur in the Southern and Northern Dynasties(420-589),therefore the lower limit for the emergence of the concept of calligraphy as art is the Han dynasty.The present paper investigates the origin and development of the term shufa by cross-verifying philological and archeological documentation,in the hope of making a significant contribution to today's calligraphy education and theoretical research.