新疆南山牧区老年牧民轻度认知障碍患病情况及影响因素分析

Analysis on the prevalence and influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment in elderly herdsmen in Nanshan pastoral area of Xinjiang

目的基于健康生态学模型,系统探究新疆南山牧区老年牧民轻度认知障碍患病影响因素,为当地医疗机构制订老年牧民轻度认知障碍防控策略提供依据。方法2022年6月至2023年2月,采用横断面调查,以分层整群随机抽样法抽取新疆南山牧区1145名≥60岁常住老年牧民为研究对象,在健康生态学模型的指导下,从生理、心理、行为生活方式,社会网络及医疗卫生环境5个维度选取研究变量,进行问卷调查。应用SPSS23.0进行Х^(2)检验和二元Logistic回归,分析老年牧民轻度认知障碍患病的影响因素。结果最终回收有效问卷1145份。1145名受调查的新疆南山牧区老年牧民中男564名,女581名,年龄(70.84±5.69)岁。轻度认知障碍患病率为36.1%(413/1145)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,个人月收入1000~2999元(OR=0.583,95%CI0.366~0.926,P<0.05)、文化程度初中及以上(OR=0.479,95%CI0.315~0.728,P<0.01)是南山牧区老年牧民发生轻度认知障碍的保护因素;高血压(OR=1.842,95%CI1.256~2.702,P<0.01)、血脂异常(OR=1.449,95%CI 1.069~1.964,P<0.05)、慢性疼痛(OR=1.549,95%CI 1.082~2.216,P<0.05)是南山牧区老年牧民发生轻度认知障碍的危险因素。结论新疆南山牧区老年牧民轻度认知障碍患病率较高,需尽早开展筛查,重点关注患高血压、血脂异常、有慢性疼痛的人群,制订综合干预措施,延缓轻度认知障碍的发生和发展,提高老年牧民的生命质量。

Objective Based on the health ecological model,this paper systematically explores the influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment among the elderly herders in Nanshan pastoral area of Xinjiang,and provides the basis for local medical institutions to formulate prevention and control strategies for mild cognitive impairment among the elderly herders.Methods A total of 1145 valid questionnaires were collected,all of them were permanent herdsmen aged over 60 years in Nanshan pastoral area of Xinjiang were selected from June 2022 to February 2023 by stratified cluster random sampling method in a cross-sectional survey.Under the guidance of health ecological model,the research variables were included from five dimensions:physiology,psychology,behavioral lifestyle,social network and medical and health environment,and questionnaires were conducted.SPSS 23.0 was used for chisquare test and binary Logistic regression to analyze the influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment in elderly herders.Results There were 564 males and 581 females with age of(70.84±5.69)years old in the study.The prevalence rate of mild cognitive impairment among elderly herdsmen in Nanshan pastoral area of Xinjiang was 36.1%(413/1145).Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that:personal monthly income(1000-2999 yuan)(OR=0.583,95%CI 0.366-0.926,P<0.05),education level(junior high school and above)(OR=0.479,95%CI 0.315-0.728,P<0.01)were the protective factors for mild cognitive impairment among the elderly herdsmen in Nanshan pastoral area.Hypertension(OR=1.842,95%CI 1.256-2.702,P<0.01),dyslipidemia(OR=1.449,95%CI 1.069-1.964,P<0.05)and chronic pain(OR=1.549,95%CI 1.082-2.216,P<0.05)were the risk factors of mild cognitive impairment in elderly herders in Nanshan pastoral area.ConclusionsThe prevalence rate of mild cognitive impairment among elderly herders in Nanshan pastoral area of Xinjiang is high,so it is necessary to carry out mild cognitive impairment screening as soon as possible,especially focusing on people suffering from hypertension,dyslipidemia and chronic pain,and making intervention plans to delay the occurrence and development of mild cognitive impairment and improve the quality of life of elderly herders.