《环境及生物样品中放射性核素的γ能谱分析方法》标准解读

Interpretation of Gamma-ray spectrometry method for the determination of radionuclides in environmental and biological samples

γ能谱分析作为可给出γ放射性核素种类及活度的一种快速分析方法,被广泛应用于环境和生物样品中γ放射性核素的测量。《环境及生物样品中放射性核素的γ能谱分析方法》(GB/T 16145—2022)已经发布,并于2023年7月1日起实施,替代《土壤中放射性核素的γ能谱分析方法》(GB/T 11743—2013)、《水中放射性核素的γ能谱分析方法》(GB/T 16140—2018)、《生物样品中放射性核素的γ能谱分析方法》(GB/T 16145—2020)和《空气中放射性核素的γ能谱分析方法》(WS/T 184—2017)等4项标准。本文就标准修订的背景、主要修订的内容和依据和一些需要探讨的问题进行了简要说明,以期能为土壤、水、生物、空气及类似基质样品的放射性检测提供有用的参考。

As a rapid analytical method for both the types and activities ofγradionuclides,theγ-ray spectrometry method is widely used in the measurement ofγradionuclides in environmental and biological samples.The Gamma-ray Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Radionuclides in Environmental and Biological Samples(GB/T 16145—2022)was implemented on July 1,2023,replacing the Determination of Radionuclides in Soil by Gamma Spectrometry(GB/T 11743—2013),Determination of Radionuclides in Water by Gamma Spectrometry(GB/T 16140—2018),Gamma Spectrometry Method of Analyzing Radionuclides in Biological Samples(GB/T 16145—2020),and Determination of Radionuclides in Air by Gamma Spectrometry(WS/T 184—2017).The background of the revised standard,the content and basis of the main revisions,and some issues that need to be discussed are briefly explained in this paper,in order to provide a useful reference for the detection of radioactivity in soil,water,biological,and air samples,as well as samples of similar matrices.