混合创业:研究脉络、理论基础与未来展望

Hybrid Entrepreneurship:Research Schemes,Theoretical Foundations,and Future Prospects

混合创业是个体在保留他雇有偿工作的同时进行创业的现象。近年来,随着混合创业群体的不断壮大,越来越多的学者开始关注混合创业,混合创业逐渐成为研究热点。但是现有的混合创业文献较为零散且缺乏系统性的整理,尤其当前国内关于混合创业的研究较为稀少。本文采用系统性文献综述法梳理相关文献,全面回顾了混合创业领域的相关研究成果。首先,辨析混合创业的内涵,以及混合创业者与兼职创业者、“月光者”、学术创业者和多元职业者概念的异同;其次,在“前因—过程—结果”框架基础上,提炼出混合创业的驱动因素研究、混合创业发展的演化研究、混合创业的双重角色平衡研究和混合创业对工作—创业的影响研究四个核心议题;再次,系统梳理和归纳混合创业不同议题中涉及的理论基础;最后,基于对混合创业现有研究的回顾与思考,从混合创业的驱动机制、过程机制、结果机制三方面提出了潜在的研究方向,为推进中国情境下混合创业的相关研究提供新方向。

Adopting a systematic literature review approach,this paper selects 64 relevant articles from the Web of Science database and extracts four core themes under the“Antecedent-ProcessOutcome”framework,providing a comprehensive overview of the research achievements in the field of hybrid entrepreneurship.First,based on the primary-secondary relationship between work and entrepreneurship and the consideration of whether wage employment is full-time or part-time,this paper summarizes and distinguishes the differences and similarities of the current definition of hybrid entrepreneurship.Accordingly,it defines hybrid entrepreneurship as“engaging in entrepreneurial activities while retaining paid work(full-time or part-time)”and identifies the differences and connections between hybrid entrepreneurship and related concepts.Second,this paper outlines a comprehensive framework for hybrid entrepreneurship research,encompassing antecedents,processes,and outcomes.Based on this framework,it distills four core themes:drivers of hybrid entrepreneurship,evolution of hybrid entrepreneurship development,dual-role balancing of hybrid entrepreneurship,and impact of hybrid entrepreneurship on work and entrepreneurship.Third,this paper summarizes and categorizes relevant theories involved in hybrid entrepreneurship,including the real options theory,the experiential learning theory,the decision overload theory,the conservation of resources theory,and the role theory.Fourth,this paper provides suggestions for future research in three aspects:driving mechanism research,process mechanism research,and outcome mechanism research.The contributions of this paper are as follows:First,it identifies the concept of hybrid entrepreneurship based on existing literature and proposes a definition of hybrid entrepreneurship,which helps subsequent scholars conduct comprehensive and systematic research on hybrid entrepreneurship under a rigorous and consistent conceptual consensus.Second,it presents a comprehensive research framework for hybrid entrepreneurship and identifies four core themes in hybrid entrepreneurship research.This framework offers a clear research trajectory for future studies on hybrid entrepreneurship.Third,it summarizes and categorizes relevant theories related to hybrid entrepreneurship,which provides theoretical insights that can serve as a foundation for future research on hybrid entrepreneurship in China.Future research directions are as follows:First,expand research on the driving mechanism by conducting complex investigations into multifactorial interactions,including exploring the intricate driving mechanism with a focus on the impact of digital technologies on hybrid entrepreneurship.Second,deepen the study of process mechanism by further investigating the dynamic mechanism governing the forward and backward evolution of hybrid entrepreneurship,and pay particular attention to the balance between entrepreneurship and employment during this evolution.Third,enrich research on the outcome mechanism by extending investigations to the multi-level impact of hybrid entrepreneurship and delving into the social value of hybrid entrepreneurship.