大国竞争下国际身份优化与国际信任重建——基于国际政治社会学的视角

International Identity Optimization and International Trust Reconstruction in the Context of Major Power Competition——A Perspective from International Political Sociology

当前出现大面积国际信任赤字的重要原因之一是大国之间形成了比较稳固的战略竞争关系。国际信任本质上是社会建构而成的,一国主要国际身份的适当确定对于该国国际信任的总体状态有着决定性作用。一国国际身份具有体系性、层次性特点,其确定和调整也可以分步骤、分领域开展。从历史上看,国际危机爆发时期,大国往往会评估调整其主要国际身份,以维持国际信任和秩序。大萧条时期的英国、二战后的法国以及20世纪60、70年代的苏联,都在调整身份和信任重建上有着经验教训。化解当前国际信任危机的关键是处理好中美的身份政治冲突。一是要正确认识国际身份与国际信任的关系规律;二是要正确认识美国在国际身份调整上的迟缓性和中国确定主要国际身份的特点难点;三是要从技术上寻找中美国际身份体系中的可调整之处。

One pivotal factor contributing to the extensive deficit in international trust at present is the entrenchment of strategic competition among major powers.The essence of international trust is predicated on social constructivism,wherein the precise articulation of a nation's principal international identity exerts a critical influence on its overarching trust dynamics.The configuration of national identity is inherently systematic and stratified,permitting incremental and sector-specific modifications.Historically,during epochs of global crises,major powers have frequently recalibrated their foremost international identities to preserve the fabric of international trust and order.Instances include the United Kingdom during the Great Depression,France during the post-World War II period,and the Soviet Union during the 1960s and 1970s,each demonstrating instructive precedents in identity realignment and trust restoration.The resolution of the current crisis in international trust hinges on adeptly managing the identity politics conflict between China and the United States.This entails,firstly,an accurate comprehension of the dynamics governing the interplay between international identity and trust;secondly,an awareness of the inertia within the U.S.regarding identity adjustments,alongside the complexities and particularities of China's determination of its primary international identity;and thirdly,the identification of feasible adjustments within the China-American international identity framework through a technical approach.