启蒙时代的幽灵:德国浪漫主义思想的诠释史

The Ghost of the Age of Enlightenment:The History of the Interpretation of German Romanticism

德国浪漫主义所表现出来的诸多与启蒙运动的理性主义和普遍主义针锋相对的特征,使它在很长的一段时间里作为时代潮流的反动而被贴上了非理性主义、保守主义和蒙昧主义的标签。尤其是从19世纪中后期到二次世界大战期间,在泛政治化和民族认同的大背景下,作为在德国历史和文化中孕育出来的第一个本土化的、最具德意志特色的思想文化运动,对浪漫主义的理解不可避免地与时代精神和政治局势紧密联系在一起。在很长一段时间里,强烈的意识形态化倾向以及古典与浪漫、启蒙与反启蒙的二元对立使得深入德国浪漫主义内在学理的研究难以展开,它要么被刻意贬低,要么被无限美化;要么被认为是完全非政治的,要么被认为是政治上极为反动的。因此,超越启蒙的意识形态和现代性话语,通过对德国浪漫主义的诠释史进行批判性的考察,对于深入德国浪漫主义独特的问题意识和思想语境,揭示德国浪漫主义的合理性与现实性,具有非常重要的意义。

Many characteristics of German Romanticism,which were in sharp opposition to the rationalism and universalism of the Enlightenment Movement,led it to be labeled as irrationalism,conservatism and obscurantism for a long time as a reactionary trend of the times.Especially from the middle and late 19th century to World War II,in the context of pan-politicization and national identity,as the first localized and most German-featured cultural movement bred in German history,the understanding of Romanticism is inevitably closely linked with the spirit of the times and the political situation.For a long time,the strong ideological tendency and the binary opposition between classicism and romanticism,between enlightenment and anti-enlightenment made it difficult to carry out in-depth research on the internal theory of German Romanticism,which was either deliberately belittled or infinitely beautified;It is either considered completely apolitical or extremely politically reactionary.Therefore,it is of great significance to go beyond the enlightenment ideology and modern discourse and make a critical investigation of the interpretation history of German Romanticism,so as to deepen the unique problem consciousness and ideological context of German Romanticism and reveal its rationality and relevance.