论学前教育学的听觉转向

On the Auditory Turn of Contemporary Early Childhood Education

传统的学前教育学以视觉为中心,具有理性主义的惯性和认识论哲学的倾向,只注重“看”而忽视其他感知觉,特别是听觉。听觉转向的学前教育学重视教育的人文性、价值性、意义性,为克服传统理性主义与认识论哲学的局限开辟新的道路。听觉转向的学前教育学与以视觉为中心的学前教育学存在显著差异:一是“有无”之别,即视觉中心的“执我”和听觉转向的“无我”之哲学立场的差异。二是“孤众”之别,视觉中心的主体处于岑寂的“我观”状态,而听觉转向的学前教育学则是酬和的,共同构造的,强调心灵的转向,需要借助“重要他人”,特别是优秀教育者的力量。三是“见闻”之别,主要体现在方法论方面。视觉中心的学前教育学关注“在场性”,通过直观可见的实证主义方法揭示所谓的教育规律;听觉转向的学前教育学关心“不在场性”,相信“道说”的方式,通过“倾听”把握未能到场的“实事”背后的“大道”之言。基于此,学前教育学亟待转向基于听觉的立场,建立起基于听觉的话语体系:其一,建立起富有听觉伦理学色彩的学前教育学;其二,建立起饱含听觉美学精神的学前教育学;其三,建立起蕴藏听觉现象学意味的学前教育学。

The current theoretical and practical construction of early childhood education(ECE)is vision-centered,only paying attention to"visual"and ignoring other senses,especially"auditory",and having the inertia of rationalism and epistemology.ECE with"auditory turn"as the core attaches importance to the humanity,value,and significance of the educational process.The auditory turn of ECE opens up a new way for pedagogy to overcome the limitations of traditional rationalism and epistemology.There are three obvious differences between auditory-turn ECE and visual-centered ECE.Firstly,there is difference of philosophical position where the vision-centered ECE has"self-attachment",while the auditory turn ECE has"no self".Secondly,there is the difference between"solitariness"and"company".The vision-centered ECE reflects the subject's"self-view"state,which is often lonely and quiet.The ECE of auditory turn is"respond to a poem with a poem",which emphasizes the turn of mind,relying on the power of"important others",especially excellent teachers.Thirdly,the difference of"seeing"and"hearing",which is mainly reflected in the difference of methodology.The vision-centered ECE focuses on"presence",that is,to reveal the rules in education through the intuitive and positivist approach.The ECE of auditory turn is concerned with"non-presence",and believes in the way of"Daoism theory",that is,through"listening"to grasp the words of"Dao"behind the"facts"that are unable to be present,difficult to appear,and unable to be present.Therefore,early childhood education is bound to turn to a cultural position based on hearing and establish a new discourse system and expression based on hearing.This early childhood education based on hearing has the characteristic of auditory ethics,is full of auditory aesthetic spirit,and reveals the meaning of auditory phenomenology.