威宁烟区‘云烟 116’烟叶烘烤特性研究

Flue-curing Characteristics of ‘Yunyan116’ in the Weining Tobacco Region

为探明高海拔烟区‘云烟116’的烘烤特性,以提高烤后烟叶质量及经济效益,本研究采用过程取样法,研究贵州威宁中部适熟烟叶烘烤过程中含水量、SPAD值、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性及主要化学成分的变化。结果表明:烘烤过程中烟叶含水量及SPAD值的下降速率均呈“慢-快-慢”的下降趋势,失水均衡性为1.2,烘烤至定色前期SPAD值下降率为93.9%,二者均满足易烤性较好的标准;PPO活性在烘烤过程中呈“双峰”曲线变化趋势,其均值为0.35 U,属于耐烤性中等的范围;烘烤过程中,易烤性、耐烤性均与烟叶主要化学成分呈现相关性。综合‘云烟116’中部叶的易烤性与耐烤性,其烟叶在威宁烟区的烘烤特性为中等-较好,在烟叶烘烤的变黄后期与定色前期应控制好烤房相对湿度,防止烟叶氧化变棕。

To investigate the flue-cured traits of‘Yunyan116’in high-altitude tobacco regions and enhance the quality and profitability of cured tobacco leaves,this research employed a process sampling approach to analyze the variations in moisture content,SPAD value,polyphenol oxidase(PPO)activity,and key chemical components of moderately ripe tobacco leaves during the flue-curing process in Weining,Guizhou.The results indicated that the decrease rate of moisture content and SPAD value of tobacco leaves exhibited a‘slow-fast-slow’decrease during the flue-curing process,resulting in a water loss balance of 1.2.The SPAD value decreased by 93.9%from flue-curing to the early stage of color setting,meeting the standard for good flue-curing ability.The PPO activity exhibited a‘double peak’curve trend while undergoing the flue-curing process,averaging at 0.35 U,falling within the moderate flue-curing resistance range.The ease of curing and resistance to curing during the flue-curing process were both related to the primary chemical components found in tobacco leaves.The tobacco leaves of‘Yunyan116’exhibited moderate to good flue-curing characteristics in the Weining tobacco region due to the ease and durability of its middle leaves.During the late yellowing and early coloring stages of tobacco flue-curing,it is crucial to control the relative humidity of the curing room carefully to prevent oxidation and browning of the tobacco leaves.