中青年脑卒中患者健康行为水平及影响因素分析

Status quo and influencing factors of health behavior in middle-aged and young stroke patients

目的探讨中青年脑卒中患者健康行为水平,并分析其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2023年4—7月在海军军医大学第一附属医院住院的172例中青年脑卒中患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、脑卒中患者健康行为量表、健康信念量表和多维度社会感知量表对其进行调查。采用Spearman相关性分析中青年脑卒中患者健康行为水平与社会支持、健康信念的相关性,采用多重线性回归分析中青年脑卒中患者健康行为的影响因素。本研究共发放问卷172份,剔除漏项和作答时间较短的问卷8份,回收有效问卷164份,问卷有效回收率为95.34%。结果164例中青年脑卒中患者健康行为量表总分为64.50(57.00,80.75)分,条目均分为2.58(2.28,3.23)分。多重线性回归分析结果显示,是否为首次发病、到最近医疗机构所需时间、健康信念和社会支持是中青年脑卒中患者健康行为的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论中青年脑卒中患者的健康行为处于中等水平。医护人员在对中青年脑卒中患者健康行为进行干预的过程中,应更加关注复发脑卒中以及医疗服务可及性差的患者,同时注意提高患者的健康信念和社会支持水平,更好地促进其健康行为,减少脑卒中的复发。

Objective To explore the health behavior of middle-aged and young stroke patients and analyze its influencing factors.Methods From April to July 2023,convenience sampling was used to select 172 middle-aged and young stroke patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University as the research subject.A survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire,Health Behavior Scale for Stroke Patients,Health Belief Scale,and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between health behavior,social support,and health beliefs among middle-aged and young stroke patients.Multiple linear regression was used to analysis the influencing factors of health behavior among middle-aged and young stroke patients.A total of 172 questionnaires were distributed,and 8 questionnaires with missing items and short response times were excluded,and 164 valid questionnaires were collected,with a valid response rate of 95.34%.Results Among 164 middle-aged and young stroke patients,the total score of the Health Behavior Scale for Stroke Patients was 64.50(57.00,80.75),and the average score of the items was 2.58(2.28,3.23).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that factors affecting the health behavior of middle-aged and young stroke patients were whether it was the first onset,the time required to reach nearby medical institution,health belief,and social support(P<0.05).Conclusions The health behavior of middle-aged and young stroke patients is above the medium level.In the process of intervening in the health behavior of middle-aged and young stroke patients,medical and nursing staff should pay attention to patients with recurrent stroke and poor access to medical services,while also improving patients'health belief and social support to promote patients'health behavior and reduce stroke recurrence.