美国国家科学基金会新学部项目设置对科学基金资助应用基础研究的启示

Program Formulation of NSF's New Directorate and Its Inspirations for NSFC's Funding for Application-oriented Research

2022年3月,美国国家科学基金会(National Science Foundation,NSF)成立技术、创新与伙伴关系部(Directorate of Technology,Innovation and Partnerships,TIP学部)。TIP学部将前期分散在其他部门的试点项目进行整合吸纳,在创新链条上设置培育创新环境和促进应用转化的多类项目,快速形成了资助应用基础研究的整体布局。本文介绍了该学部各项目的设置情况,并结合NSF既有项目类型和资助对象,分析阐述了新学部项目设置的优势特点。作为美国政府响应国家战略需求、加速基础研究成果应用转化的重要举措,TIP学部的成立在扩大基金资助范围、优化项目管理和促进成果转化等方面对我国自然科学基金资助应用导向基础研究提供了有益启示与借鉴。

In March 2022,the U.S.National Science Foundation(NSF)established the directorate of technology,innovation,and partnerships(TIP).Building on the integration of pilot programs previously managed by other directorates,TIP further formulates various types of programs to foster innovative ecosystem as well as facilitate the application and transformation of research outcomes,in an attempt to complete the innovation chain,and rapidly develop an overall layout for funding application-oriented research.This article introduces the formulation of TIP's current programs,and analyzes its advantages and characteristics in comparison with the existing program types and their potential grantees within NSF.As an important measure taken by the U.S.government to respond to the U.S.national strategic needs and accelerate the application and transformation of basic research achievements,the establishment of TIP provides valuable insights and references for NSFC's funding for application-oriented research in the aspects of expanding the scope of funding,optimizing program management,and promoting the transformation of research achievements.