工业机器人应用能否提升企业创新能力

Can Industrial Robots Application Improve the Innovation Ability of Enterprises

工业机器人作为数字技术的典型代表已成为传统劳动力的重要替代方式,为企业提供了创造性破坏的环境,其能否提升企业的创新能力受到广泛关注。基于中国微观企业数据,探讨工业机器人应用对企业创新能力的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:工业机器人应用能够显著提升企业创新能力,并有效提升企业实质性创新能力;作用机制分析表明,工业机器人应用既可通过提升高素质人才需求、改善劳动力结构和提升人力资本水平来提高企业创新能力,又可通过提升生产技术与生产效率来提高企业创新能力;进一步分析发现,在劳动力成本较高、劳动密集型、财务风险较高、国有企业以及外部市场竞争度较高的企业,工业机器人应用对其创新能力的促进作用更加显著。研究拓展了工业机器人与企业创新能力的研究范畴,对推动企业劳动力要素转变、改善人力资本结构及助力中国制造业智能化转型升级具有一定的借鉴意义。

As a typical representative of digital technology,industrial robots have become an important alternative to traditional labor,providing enterprises with an environment of"creative destruction".Whether they can improve the innovation ability of enterprises has attracted wide attention.Based on the micro-enterprise data of China,this paper discusses the impact of industrial robot application on enterprise innovation ability and its mechanism.The findings indicate that the application of industrial robots can significantly improve the innovation ability,and effectively enhance the substantive innovation capabilities of enterprises.In addition,the mechanism test shows that the application of industrial robots can increase the demand for highquality talents,improve the labor structure and enhance human capital,and then promote the innovation ability of enterprises,confirming the"talent gathering effect".At the same time,the upgrading of production technology brought about by the application of industrial robots will promote production efficiency,thereby improving the innovation ability,confirming the"productivity improvement effect".Further analysis shows that inlabor-intensive state-ownedenterprises with higher labor costs and higher financial risk,and those with higher external market competition,the application of industrial robots has a more significant role in promoting the innovation ability.This paper expands the researchof industrial robots andinnovation capabilities,and has certain reference significance for promoting the transformation of enterprise labor factors,improving the human capital structure,and assisting the intelligent transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry.