生物活性肽制备方法的研究进展

Recent Advances in the Production of Bioactive Peptides

生物活性肽具有抗氧化、抗菌、免疫调节、抗癌、降压等生理功效,在功能食品开发和传统药物替代中具有巨大的应用潜力。文章综述了酶解、微生物发酵、化学合成及DNA重组技术在生物活性肽制备中的应用及各技术的优缺点。酶解法由于特异性强、反应条件温和与无残留有机或有害化学试剂的特点成为优选的生物活性肽制备方法。为解决酶解法产率低且食品用酶选择有限的问题,文章分析了超声、微波、脉冲电场、高静水压、亚临界水等新型加工技术在生物活性肽制备中的应用现状与作用机制,为探寻提升生物活性肽制备效率和生物活性的组合工艺提供了一定的技术参考。

Bioactive peptides have multiple physiological effects,such as antioxidant,antibacterial,immunomodulatory,anticancer and antihypertensive,which have enormous application potential in the development of functional foods and the substitution of traditional medicines.In this paper,the application of enzymatic hydrolysis,microbial fermentation,chemical synthesis and DNA recombination in the production of bioactive peptides were reviewed,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies were systematically analyzed.Due to the strong specificity,mild reaction conditions,and no residual organic or harmful chemical reagents,enzymatic hydrolysis is considered as the preferred production method of bioactive peptides.In order to solve the problem of low enzymatic hydrolysis yield and limited selection of food enzymes,the paper analyzes the application status and mechanism of new processing technologies in the production of bioactive peptides,such as ultrasound,microwave,pulse electric field,high hydrostatic pressure and subcritical water.It provides some technical references for exploring combination processes to improve the productivity and biological activity of bioactive peptides.