遗忘与发掘:历史记忆与西班牙政治发展

Forgetting and Digging:Historical Memory and Political Development in Spain

历史记忆关乎一个国家的集体认同,但对于暴力历史的记忆则可能激发人们之间的仇恨,对集体认同构成威胁。西班牙在民主转型初期,通过“遗忘公约”为民主转型创造了有利的条件,但在政党竞争、央地关系和民间社会的共同推动下,这种缺乏正义的历史记忆策略在民主巩固之后转向“发掘”,2007年通过的《历史记忆法》使历史记忆工作步入一个新的阶段。如何把握好历史记忆与正义之间的平衡,仍考验着西班牙人的政治智慧。

Historical memory is an important resource for national collective identity,but the memory of a violent past may inspire hatred among people and pose a threat to collective identity.In the early stages of Spain's democratic transition,the Pact of Forgetting created favorable conditions for democratic transition,but after the consolidation of democracy,this strategy of historical memory without justice shifted to astrategy of digging intothepast,driven together by thecompetition between the two main political parties,the peculiar central-local relationship,and an activecivil society.The 2007 Law of Historical Memory marked a new stage of Spain's historical memory.How to balance the historical memory and justice is still a test of Spanish political wisdom.